US History 1 Unit 5

Adams-Onis Treaty

an 1819 agreement in which Spain gave over control of the territory of Florida to the United States, but the US gave up Texas. It also paid US citizens' claims against Spain (about 5 million dollars)

Andrew Jackson

The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers. He also ordered the Cherokees to be moved and resulted in the Trail of Tears

Chattel Slavery

Absolute legal ownership of another person, including the right to buy or sell that person.

The Corrupt Bargain

Refers to the presidential election of 1824 in which Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced the House of Representatives to elect Adams rather than Jackson in order to become secretary of state. This cheated Jackson out of a presidency since Jackson originally had the most votes.

Cotton Gin

A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. This caused a big boom in slavery during this time which eventually led to the Civil War

Eli Whitney

Invented the cotton gin

Era of Good Feelings

A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts.

Erie Canal

A canal between the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo, completed in 1825. The canal, considered a marvel of the modern world at the time, allowed western farmers to ship surplus crops to sell in the North and allowed northern manufacturers to ship finished goods to sell in the West. It united the country through infrastructure.

Gibbons v. Ogden

Regulating interstate commerce is a power reserved to the federal government

Henry Clay

United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states. He also helped John Quincy Adams become president in return for the position of Secretary of State.

Interchangeable Parts

Identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing

Iron Horse

steam locomotive

Seminole War

conflict that began in florida in 1817 between the seminole indians and the us army. The conflicts led to Spain giving up florida to the US. the conflict was sparked by the governments efforts to move the seminoles to west of the mississippi river, and because the seminoles were harboring fugitive runaway slaves. Andrew Jackson was president at this time.

James Monroe

President during the Missouri Compromise and the Era of Good Feelings

John Quincy Adams

Secretary of State and served as sixth president. In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain gave the United States Florida in exchange for the United States dropping its claims to Texas. The Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams' work. He also was a big part of the corrupt bargain.

Labor Unions and Strikes

Labor unions were groups of workers who wanted to obtain better working conditions, strikes were held in order to obtain such conditions.

Lowell Mill Girls

The "Mill Girls" were female workers who came to work in industrial corporations in Lowell, Massachusetts, during the Industrial Revolution in the United States. They came from farms and eventually revolted against harsh conditions.

McCulloch v. Maryland

1819, Chief Justice John Marshall limits of the US Constitution and of the authority of the federal and state Govts. one side was opposed to establishment of a national bank and challenged the authority of federal govt to establish one. supreme court ruled that power of federal govt was supreme that of the states and the states couldn't interfere

Missouri Compromise

"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36'30" were free states and all South were slave states, this was a bad deal for the slave states because the entirety of the Louisiana purchase was above the line, meaning all of that territory were free states.

Monroe Doctrine

A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere, and shouldn't try to colonize anything in this hemisphere either

Mudslinging

Dirty politics or campaigning on personal issues

Nat Turner

Leader of a slave rebellion in 1831 in Virginia. Revolt led to the deaths of 20 whites and 40 blacks and led to the "gag rule' outlawing any discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives

National Road

The first highway built by the federal government. Constructed during 1825-1850, it stretched from Pennsylvania to Illinois. It was a major overland shipping route and an important connection between the North and the West. This helped unite the country.

Plantations

Huge farms that required a large labor force (slaves) to grow crops

Robert Fulton

American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)

Second Bank

Bank that had the power to issue notes that would serve as a national currency and to control state banks.

Tariffs

Taxes on imported goods

Revenue Tariffs

taxes designed to raise funds for the importing government

Protective Tariffs

A tariff designed to shield domestic producers of a good or service from the competition of foreign producers, made imported goods cost more than those made locally

Dividing Factors

slavery, sectionalism, partisan politics, tariffs (south still imports while north manufactures, so south was upset), and territorial expansion

Sectionalism

Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole

Partisan politics

political actions or decisions that benefit a particular party

Uniting Factors

Erie Canal and the National Road, Era of Good Feelings, National banks (necessary for war of 1812, so it united the political parties)

Territorial Expansion

at first people though it would unite the country, but it ended up dividing the country and leading to the civil war because there was disagreements over territory lines and slavery laws

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Is nationalism good or bad?

It is good until it goes too far, because people start thinking only good about the country and cannot recognize any flaws.

Political Unity

Era of Good feelings

Economic Unity

the second bank, and tariffs and american system

Expansion of Federal Power

goal of Chief Justice Marshall, judicial decisions

American Economic System

private enterprise and governmental participation coexist

Unity through infrastructure

national roads (connects the country), Erie canal, steambacks, iron horse

Unity through Expansion

Jackson invades florida

Unity through Diplomacy

Monroe Doctrine

First Industrial Revolution

time when machines replaced handmade products, which used energy beyond human capabilities and led to mass production

Significance of First Industrial Revolution

gained a lot of different products, and didn't have to rely on other countries for manufactured goods

Positives of an Agrarian Economy

live on a farm, most things you have you can make (80/20), fresh/homegrown goods, always going to have food sources, can enjoy the small life

Positives of a Market Economy

most things you have you buy (20/80), faster and can get more stuff, specialize in one product (high quality), provides job opportunities

Elements of the Industrial Revolution

mass production (surpluses), free enterprise system, private property rights, rule of law, natural resources, available workers.

Free enterprise system

an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods

private property rights

the concept that people have the right and privilege to control their possessions as they wish

Effects of the Industrial Revolution on Technology

Samuel Morse, interchangeable parts, telegraph

Samuel Morse

invented the telegraph

Effects of the Industrial Revolution on Large Cities

affected boston, ny, philly, and baltimore. Populations were increasing because factories led to cities.

Effects of the Industrial Revolution on Early Unions

people joined together to fight for better pay and better working conditions

Effects of the Industrial Revolution on Northern Cities

Pros: centers of industry, education, culture, density is good for innovation

Cons: overcrowded, lots of crime, fire hazards, unsanitary

Effects of the Cotton Gin

increased textile boom, but also required more slaves

Effects of the Slavery boom on Industry

south began to focus more on farming and less on industry

Effects of the slavery boom on hierarchy

caste system where planters were at the top, followed by regular whites and then slaves (free first, then enslaved). If you owned more slaves, you were higher up on the pyramid of power.

Effects of the Slavery Boom on White Supremacy

slavery came first, then racism. People needed a reason to justify slavery and so they dehumanized colored people and other slaves to make themselves feel better about it

Effects of the Slavery Boom on slave culture

the slaves brought culture from Africa with them and mixed it with the preexisting culture

Effects of the slavery boom on slave rebellions

slaves have rebelled all throughout time, but they began to increase a lot. Gabriel's rebellion and Nat Turner's rebellion were important, but most rebellions failed and just caused more backlash towards slaves.

What did the Missouri Compromise foreshadow?

every time a new state is added to the US, there will be a debate about keeping the balance of slave states vs. free states

What was the role of the favorite sons in the elections of 1824 and 1828?

the favorite sons represented regions/sections of the country, not ideas (sectionalism)

winner of the presidential election of 1824

John Quincy Adams, (no one had majority, so the decision went to the House)

winner of presidential election of 1828

Andrew Jackson (had most votes in 1824 but was cheated out of his presidency because of the corrupt bargain).