Bones and Bone Markings

skull (cranium)

composed of two sets of bones: the cranial bones and facial bones

frontal bone

bone that forms the forehead

parietal bone

either of two skull bones between the frontal and occipital bones and forming the top and sides of the cranium

temporal bone

bone that forms parts of the side of the skull and floor of the cranial activity. There is a right and left temporal bone.

styolid process

external auditory meatus

makes up the ear canal

occipital bone

back of head

foramen magnum

A large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord.

occipital condoyle

each of two rounded knobs on the occipital bone that form a joint with the first cervical vertebra.

sphenoid bone

forms part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the orbit

ethmoid bone

forms part of the posterior portion of the nose, the orbit, and the floor of the cranium

zygomatic process

lacrimal bone

small fragile bone making up part of the front inner walls of each eye socket and providing room for the passage of the lacrimal (tear) ducts

maxilla

upper jaw bone

mandible

lower jaw bone

mandibular condoyle

mandibular ramus

palatine

bone that forms the hard palate and parts of the nose and orbits

nasal bones

Bones that form the bridge of the nose.

vomer

forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum

coronal suture

the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull

sagittal suture

the suture between the right and left parietal bones

lambdoid suture

between parietal bones and occipital bone

squamous (squamousal) suture

suture between the parietal and temporal bones

vertebrae

spine

atlas

first cervical vertebra (C1), jointed with the occipital bone allowing the head to nod

axis

the second cervical vertebrae (C2), allows the head to shake "no"

odontoid process (dens)

process of the axis which passes through the vertebral foramen of the atlas

cervical

neck region of the spine (C1 - C7)

thoracic

chest region of the spine (T1 - T12). Characterized by long, sharp spinous processes and rib facets

lumbar

back region of the spine (L1 - L5). Characterized by short, blunt spinous process and large body.

spinous process

sharp, slender projection

transverse process

two lateral projections from the vertebral arch

vertebral foramen

canal through which spinal cord passes

hyoid bone

U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles.

sacrum

bone formed from five vertebrae fused together near the base of the spinal column

coccyx

four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone

sternum

breastbone

manubrium

the superior portion of the sternum

sternum body

main long part of sternum

xiphoid process

inferior portion of the sternum

rib

true ribs

1-7 attach directly to sternum

false ribs

8-12 do not attach directly to sternum

floating ribs

11-12 do not attach to sternum

scapula

shoulder blade

spine

glenoid cavity

socket in scapula that receives head of humerus

coracoid process

process above the glenoid cavity that permits muscle attachment

acromion

Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder.

clavicle

collar bone

humerus

arm

humerus head

rounded section of the humerus that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula

surgical neck

greater tubercle

Large lateral prominence on humerus

lesser tubercle

deltoid tuberosity

raised area on lateral surface of humerus to which deltoid muscle attaches

medial epicondyle (humerus)

lateral epicondyle (humerus)

olecranon fossa

located on the posterior side of the distal end of the humerus superior to the trochlea and articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna

coronoid fossa

anterior depression that receives the coronoid process of the ulna

trochlea

a smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pulley

capitulum

ulna

medial bone of the forearm

ulna coronoid process

ulna olecranon process

elbow

ulna styloid process

pointy projection on the distal end of ulna

ulna trochlear notch

deep notch that separates the olecranon and the coronoid process; articulates with the trochlea of the humerus

radius

lateral bone of the forearm

radius head

A round, articular structure on the proximal end of the radius.

radial tuberosity

radius styloid process

projection of bone on the lateral surface of the distal radius bone

carpals

bones of the wrist

metacarpals

the five bones that form the palms of the hand

phalanges

bones of the fingers and toes

pelvic girdle

coxal bones and sacrum

ilium

the superior and widest portion of the pelvis

pubis

The medial anterior portion of the pelvis

ischium

the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis

iliac crest

superior border of ilium

acetabulum

where the ischium, ilium, and pubis unite, creating the socket for the head of the femur

pubic symphysis (symphyseal surface)

the anterior joint where the two pubic bones meet

greater sciatic notch

allows blood vessels and the large sciatic nerve to pass from the pelvis posteriorly into the thigh

femur

thigh bone

head (femur)

articulates with the acetabulum (hip socket)

neck (femur)

greater trochanter

A bony prominence on the proximal lateral side of the thigh, just below the hip joint.

lesser trochanter

The projection on the medial/superior portion of the femur.

medial condyle (femur)

articulates with the medial condyle of the tibia

lateral condyle (femur)

articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia

tibia

The shin bone, the larger of the two bones of the lower leg.

medial condyle (tibia)

articulates with medial condyle of femur

lateral condyle (tibia)

articulates with lateral condyle of femur

tibial tuberosity

point where the patellar ligament attaches

medial malleolus

distal process on medial tibial surface

fibula

calf bone; the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg

head (radius)

articulates with the capitulum and radial notch

lateral malleolus

process forming the outer (lateral) ankle

tarsals

bones of the ankle

metatarsals

bones of the foot between ankle and toes