Positioning 2: Skull

What are the 3 types of Skull Morphology?

1. Brachycephalic

2. Mesocephalic

3. Dolichocephalic

MESOCEPHALIC PETROUS PYRAMIDS PROJECT ANTERIORLY AND MEDIALLY at what angle from MSP?

47 DEGREES

BRACHYCEPHALIC PETROUS PYRAMIDS PROJECT ANTERIORLY AND MEDIALLY at what angle from MSP?

54 DEGREES

DOLICHOCEPHALIC PETROUS PYRAMIDS PROJECT ANTERIORLY AND MEDIALLY at what angle from MSP?

40 DEGREES

How many Cranial and Facial bones?

8 Cranial bones

14 Facial bones

What are the 8 cranial bones?

1. Frontal bone.

2. Parietal bones (there are two)

3. Temporal bones (there are two)

4. Occipital bone.

5. Sphenoid bone.

6. Ethmoid bone.

What are the Three parts of the Temporal Bone?

1. Squamous

2. Petrous

3. Mastoid

Sphenoid looks like a:

bat

This bone has a Crista galli and Cribriform plate

Ethmoid

joints that are essentially immovable, also known as:

Synarthrodial

As a baby it’s known as the “soft spot”

Bregma

What are the adult Skull Sutures?

1. coronal

2. sagittal

3. lambdoidal

4. squamosal

a space between the bones of the skull in an infant or fetus, where ossification is not complete and the sutures not fully formed

Fontanels

Posterior fontanel is called:

Lambda

Identify the four bones that make up the skullcap of the cranium called the Calvaria

1. Frontal

2. Right parietal

3. Left parietal

4. Occipital

Skull Technique

75 kVp

20 mAs

What are the Special Skull Views?

SMV (submentovertex)

HAAS (another alternative to AP Towne)

AP Axial Skull: Towne method

OML perp to IR. CR = __ degrees (double chin)

30

caudal

AP Axial Skull: Towne method

IOML perp to IR. CR = __ degrees

37

caudal

AP Axial Skull: Towne method

CR: MSP

2.5 inches above glabella

AP Axial Skull: Towne method

IR size and orientation:

10 X 12 Lengthwise

Lateral Skull

What overlaps ?

Pituitary Gland overlaps Sella Turcica

Lateral Skull

• CR:

• What is perpendicular?

• 2 inches superior to EAM

• Interpupillary is perpendicular

Lateral Skull

Lateral sees all

Sinus Cavities

Lateral Skull

IR Size and Orientation

10 X 12 Crosswise

PA

Exit point:

At Glabella. Put Glabella on IR Center

CALDWELL

• OML is

• CR_^(angle):

• exits the:

• Perpendicular to IR

• 15 degrees Caudal

• Nasion

Waters

Petrous ridges sit at_^(degrees):

37 degrees

Waters

MML is:

OML forms a ___ angle

CR exits the:

• Perpendicular

• 37 degree

• acanthion

Waters

Where are the Petrous Ridges?

Petrous

Ridges

Under

Maxillary

Sinus

SUBMENTOVERTEX

IOML:

Parallel to IR &

Perpendicular to BEAM

SUBMENTOVERTEX

CR center:

Center between GONION and MANDIBLE

SUBMENTOVERTEX

Your angle is dependent on patient:

Neck Flexion

SUBMENTOVERTEX

What does “MES” stand for?

Maxillary Sinus

Ethmoid

Sphenoid