French Revolution

Estates General

Representative assembly between all 3 estates

National Assembly

Legislative body that represents a country’s people and is fundamental in governance

Declaration of the Rights of Man

Declaration that all men were equal and free

Constitution of 1791

Document that established a Constitutional monarchy, limiting the king’s power and guaranteeing certain rights to citizens.

Declaration of Phillnitz

Joint statement between the Pope and Europe to condemn the Enlightenment and the French Revolution

Jacobins

Radical political club during the French Revolution, known for their extreme measures and wanted to abolish the monarchy 

Reign of Terror

Lead by Robespierre, violent period of French Revolution with mass executions of ‘enemies of the revolution’ by the Committee of Public Safety

Czar Alexander I of Russia

Ruled Russia, traded with Britain when France declared economic warfare with them

Congress of Vienna

Series of diplomatic meetings between Austria, Prussia, Russia, Britain, and restored France, that reorganized Europe after the Napoleonic Wars

Clemens von Metternich

Austria’s representative at the Congress of Vienna, helped reorganize Europe, created a system of alliances to prevent future conflicts, and balanced interests of major powers to maintain stability

Jacques Necker

King Louis XVI (16th) economic adviser that suggested that the 1st and 2nd estates should also pay taxes

King Louis XIV (14)

Nicknamed the “Sun King”, built Versailles, “golden age” of the arts, established absolute monarchy/power

King Louis XVI (16)

Last king of France, double recessive (had all the bad traits), married Marie Antionette (Austria princess), the French Revolution broke out under his rule

King Louis XV (15)

Led France into bankruptcy by helping the American Revolution and losing the Seven Year’s War

King Louis XVIII (18)

France’s first experiment in parliamentary government since the revolution

Robespierre

Led the Reign of Terror as a Jacobin, impersonated to the people as a god and got beheaded for it

Marie Antionette

Wife of Louis XVI (16), Austrian princess, last queen of France

Marat

Radical journalist, known for his inflammatory and paranoid writings of the French Revolution in the newspaper

Sans-Culottes

Means “without breeches”, working class revolutionaries who wore long trousers

Tuileries

Palace in Paris, where the commoners kept Louis XVI’s family for about 3 years

Marquis de Lafayette

General in both American and French Revolutions

Battle of Leipzig

Napoleon v.s. Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Sweden, decisive defeat for Napoleon, destroyed French power in Germany, got Napoleon exiled to Elba 

Battle of Trafalgar

Naval battle, France v.s Britain, ended Napoleon’s plan to invade Britain, ended France’s naval power

Battle of Waterloo

Land battle, France v.s Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Britain (Napoleon v.s Duke of Wellington), Napoleon’s last battle, got Napoleon exiled to St. Helena

Scorched Earth

Military strategy when an army destroys everything in an area to deny resources to an advancing enemy

Napoleonic Code

Laws under Napoleon, established equality, and private property, modified French law