APUSH Ch. 24 Key Terms

Fascism

A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition

Benito Mussolini

Fascist Dictator of Italy that at first used bullying to gain power, then never had full power.

Adolf Hitler

Austrian born Dictator of Germany, implement Fascism and caused WWII and Holocoust.

Hideki Tojo

This general was premier of Japan during World War II while this man was dictator of the country. He gave his approval for the attack on Pearl Harbor and played a major role in Japan's military decisions until he resigned in 1944

Haile Selassie

The Emperor of Ethiopia, Talked to the League of Nations but did not stop Italy from taking control of Ethiopia in 1936

Nazi Party

the political party was founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power by Hitler in 1933. Also called the National Socialist German Workers Party

Mein Kampf

'My Struggle' by hitler, later became the basic book of nazi goals and ideology, reflected obsession

Rome-Berlin Axis

Hitler and Mussolini formed an alliance, a political and military one between two Fascist nations

Neutrality Act

series of laws passed by Congress in 1935 that banned arms sales or loans to countries at war, basically to cause Isolationism, to prevent businesses w/counties in war

Charles Lindbergh

An aviator, who made impassioned speeches against the intervention in Europe and the person who made the first solo transatlantic flight.

Popular Front

An alliance between the Communists, the Socialists, and the Radicals formed for May 1936, pushed for greater involvement in Europe even if it meant war.

Munich Conference

A 1938 agreement/conference that gave Germany the Sudetenland

Committe to Defend America by Aiding the Allies

A group of interventionists who believed in engaging with, rather than withdrawing from, international developments. Interventionists became increasingly vocal in 1940 as war escalated in Europe.

AFC

American First Committee an anti-interventionist group opposed to the American entry into WWII,

Four Freedoms Speech

A speech by FDR that outlined the four principles of freedom (speech, religion, from want, and from fear) This helped inspire Americans into patriotism.

Lend-Lease Act

allowed sales or loans of war materials to any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the U.S

Winston Churchill/Atlantic Charter

Atlantic Charter of 1941 was an agreement between FDR & British Prime minister Churchill with plans and goals for a post-WWII world & plans for defense if the war should expand further into the Atlantic.

Pearl Harbor

United States military base on Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II. Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941.

War Powers Act

December 1941. gave FDR unprecedented control over all aspects of the war effort

Revenue Act

A 1942 act that expanded the number of people paying income taxes from 3.9 million to 42.6 million. These taxes on personal incomes and business profits paid half the cost of World War II.

WPB

War Production board-decided which companies would convert from peacetime to wartime production

Liberty Ship

A large vessel used to carry cargo and troops to war zones, every two weeks

code talkers

Native American Navajo men who served in the military by transmitting radio messages in their native languages which were undecipherable by German and Japanese spies.

WAC/WAVES/WASPs

-Women's groups that arose during WWII

-WAC: Women's Army Corps

-WAVES: Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service

-WASPs: Women's Airforce Service pilots that ferried planes and supplies in noncombat areas

-Women were barred from actual fighting

Rosie the Riveter

A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories. It became a rallying symbol for women to do their part.

Double V Campaign

Black-Americans' campaign to earn victory in the home front (fight discrimination at home) and victory overseas (fighting the enemy Axis powers/Nazism)

A. Philip Randolph/Executive Order 8802

This executive order ended racial discrimination in the US war plants. Enacted by FDR during WWII. He was the president of the African American Brotherhood

James Farmer/CORE

-In Chicago Farmer helped to found the Congress of Racial Equality in 1942

-Group that would become known nationwide in 60s for direct action protests such as sit-ins

Bracero Program

United States labor agents recruited thousands of farm and railroad workers from Mexico. The program stimulated emigration to Mexico.

Service Men's Readjustment Act

Otherwise known as the GI Bill of Rights, provided education jobs, medical care, pensions, and mortgages loans for men and women who served.

Harry Truman

33rd President of the United States. Led the U.S. to victory in WWII making the ultimate decision to use atomic weapons for the first time. Shaped U.S. foreign policy regarding the Soviet Union after the war.

OWI

Office of War Information, encouraged support of the war effort

Frank Capra, Why We Fight

Director/Movie that showed the need to defeat fascism and also showed the axis powers as the enemy

zoot suits

Oversized clothing suits in fashion in the 1940s, particularly among young male African Americans and Mexican Americans. In June 1943, a group of white sailors and soldiers in Los Angeles, seeking revenge for an earlier skirmish with Mexican American youths, attacked anyone they found wearing a zoot suit in what became known as the zoot suit riots.

Executive Order 9066

112,000 Japanese-Americans forced into camps causing loss of homes and businesses

Hirabayashi v. United States and Korematsu v. United States

Japs who sued the Supreme Court saying the executive order violated constitutional rights! Form of resistance

The Big Three

allies during WWII; Soviet Union - Joseph Stalin, United Kingdom - Winston Churchill, United States - FDR

Tehran Conference

The first major meeting between the Big Three agreed to open a second front in France, in 6 months. In return, Stalin joins the fight against Japan

Battle of Stalingard

1942-1943, Key battle in which Soviets stopped German advance

D-Day

June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II.

Dwight Eisenhower

United States general who supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany

Battle of the Bluge

When Germany launched an attack on the thinly held lines of the Americans in Belgium, creating a bulge in the advancing armies. The allies won in the end.

Holocaust

A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.

SS St. Louis

ship that left germany in may 1939 with 936 jews on board it was bound for cuba where it was denied entry from there the ship tried to enter the US and Canada but was denied returned to europe where four nations took in refugees

Bataan death march

Japanese forced about 60,000 of americans and philippines to march 100 miles with little food and water, most died or were killed on the way

Battle of Coral Sea

A battle between Japanese and American naval/aircraft forces that stopped the Japanese advance on Australia.

Battle of Midway Island

A naval and air battle fought in World War II in which planes from American aircraft carriers blunted another assault on Hawaii and did enough damage to halt the Japanese advance. Was a major turning point in the war against Japan.

Battle of Leyte Gulf

1944 World War II naval battle between the United States and Japan. Largest naval engagement in history. Japanese navy was defeated.

Iwo Jima and Okinawa

The last two strategically important islands held by the Japanese in the War in the Pacific. The Japanese lost more than 130,000 men defending the islands they considered as the gateway to their homeland, and the Americans lost more than 19,000 soldiers.

Kamikaze

Japanese suicide pilots who loaded their planes with explosives and crashed them into American ships.

Manhattan Project

A secret U.S. project for the construction of the atomic bomb.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Two Japanese cities on which the U.S. dropped the atomic bombs to end World War II. Hiroshima Aug 6th , and Nagasaki Aug 9th