AP kinetics test
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What is one difference between first and second order reactions regarding half-life?
The half-life of a first order reaction doesn’t depend on the initial concentration, while the half-life of a second order reaction does depend on the initial concentration.
What is the term for the species that exists at the maximum on the energy profile curve of a reaction?
Activated complex.
In a reaction, which substance appears or disappears the fastest?
The substance with the highest coefficient.
What are the units of the rate constant for a first order reaction?
Time (usually seconds) to the negative 1 power.
For a second order reaction, how does the rate change if the concentration of the reactant is doubled?
The rate of the reaction increases by a factor of 4.
What equation can only be used for a second order reaction?
The 1/[A]t equation.
What type of plot shows a linear relationship for a first order reaction?
A plot of the natural log of the concentration of a selected reactant at time t versus time.
What is the slope of the graph (ln[A] vs time) for a truly first order reaction?
The slope is -k.
How do you find the rate constant for a first order reaction with only one reactant?
By using the ln[A]t equation.
factors affecting reaction rate
Concentration of reactants
Temperature; in most cases, higher Temp = faster reaction rate
Presence of catalyst
Surface area or physical state
the rate change was of the total pressure of a vessel is
what each whole part of the reaction, when separated into the delta equations, equals
the overall reaction order is
m + n + any other rate law exponents
the rate constant of any reaction has a time component and 1 less amount of combined molarity units than the overall reaction of that order
to find the average value of a rate constant given multiple experiments
find the rate constant for each of the individual experiments and then find the average of those as you would normally, or each individual rate constant might be the same, and the will be the average value