Respiration and Fermentation Flashcards

Flashcards on Respiration and Fermentation

Respiration

The process by which chemical energy is released in cells during the breakdown of food, such as glucose.

Aerobic Respiration

A process that happens in the mitochondria of cells and breaks down glucose to store energy in ATP

Glycolysis

The process that produces 2 ATP molecules from glucose.

Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid

Pyruvic Acid + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water (produces 36 ATP)

Anaerobic Respiration - Fermentation

A less efficient process than aerobic respiration that occurs when oxygen is not available.

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Occurs in muscle tissues when oxygen is depleted during rapid, vigorous exercise; pyruvic acid gains hydrogen to become lactic acid, releasing energy.

Alcohol Fermentation

Occurs in yeasts and some bacteria; pyruvic acid is broken down to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide, releasing energy.

Anaerobic Respiration Products

In animals: Glucose -> Lactic Acid; In plants & fungi: Glucose -> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide

Fermentation

The process of chemical breakdown of a substance by microbes, used to makes products like bread, beer and wine

Alcoholic Fermentation

Converts pyruvate into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Pyruvate results in end product of lactic acid.

Souring

Fermentation of carbohydrates generates organic acids.

Lactobacillus

Convert lactose to lactic acid, which causes milk to change from liquid to solid

Yeast Fermentation Products

Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide

Yeast

Change the glucose into ethanol

Bio-renewables

Types of renewable energy produced by living things

Biodiesel

Produced by mixing alcohol with oils that have been extracted from plants or waste vegetable oils

Lactose

Sugar in milk

Rennet

An enzyme that curdles milk