7th grade history test 4 (bju press)

Shang

The first dynasty in Chinese history.

Song

Dynasty of the northern kingdom of China that ruled during the time of strong economic growth.

Technology

Putting knowledge to effective use.

Paper

Formed from a mixture of fiber, rags, and water; first developed in China.

Compass

An instrument that uses lodestone, a magnetic material, to find location.

Gunpowder

Combination of ingredients, including saltpeter, that forms an explosive powder.

Printing

Developed by the Chinese using woodblocks and later moveable type.

Iron (cast iron)

Formed when iron ore and a small amount of carbon and silicon are heated to about 1200° C

Ancestor worship

The practice of praying to dead family members.

Confucius

Chinese teacher that developed a philosophy based on relationships.

Buddhism

Religion based on the four noble truths.

Taoism

A passive Chinese religion that emphasizes living in peace and harmony with nature.

Lao-tzu

Developed the teachings of Taoism.

Feudalism

System in which local rulers controlled large estates called manors and the people served their local ruler in exchange for a place to live on the estate.

Shogun

The title of a Japanese clan's leader; means "great general".

Bushido

Unwritten Japanese military code of the samurai.

Hara-kiri

Ritual suicide practiced by Japanese warriors

Shintoism

A Japanese religion that taught nature worship, the deity of the emperor, and patriotism.

Zen Buddhism

Version of Buddhism that teaches intense mental concentration and self-control.

Angkor Wat

One of over one thousand temples built in Ankor (Cambodia).

Yurts

A movable house used by the Mongols.

Chinggis Khan

A Mongol title meaning "Great Ruler," and the title given to the Mongol Empire's founder.

Great Yasa

Law code by Chinggis Khan that dealt with every area of life.

Siege warfare

Method of conquest in which enemy forces surround a city and mount repeated attacks.

Pretend retreat

Military tactic by which an enemy pretends to abandon the fight in order to draw its opponents out in the open.

Kamikaze

Term meaning "divine wind" that referred to seemingly miraculous storms that protected Japan from the Mongol invasion.

Batu Khan

A grandson of Chinggis Khan who led an invasion into eastern Europe.

Battle of Liegnitz

Where Poles, Czechs, and Germans tried to stop the Mongols.

Golden Horde

A mongol empire based in Western Asia and founded by Batu khan.

Tengri

The name of the Mongol god, meaning 'the great god of heaven".

Shamans

A man in Mongol religion who is believed to have power over spirits.

Ming

Chinese dynasty that sought to remove all traces of Mongol rule; restored native Chinese rule.

Tamerlane

Mongol leader who was lame but became a powerful conqueror.

Mughal

The last Mongol empire; located in India and founded by Muslim leader Babur who conquered a large region in northern India.

Akbar

Grandson of Babur who continued the brutal conquest of India ; expanded the Mughal Empire to the west, east, and south to central India.

Taj Mahal

One of India's greatest pieces of architecture; built during the Mughal rule.