Geology Lab Quiz #2 (Minerals) (copy)

studied byStudied by 119 people
5.0(3)
Get a hint
Hint

Hardness

1 / 43

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Minerals, Moh's scale, crystal habit, uses

44 Terms

1

Hardness

Measure of relative ability of mineral to resist scratching

New cards
2

Color

The impurities in the mineral determine this

New cards
3

Luster

The reflective ability of a mineral, the way a mineral scatters light

New cards
4

Crystal Habit

The mineral’s shape

New cards
5

Streak

The powdered form of a mineral

New cards
6

Incongruent Streak

Streak color differs from the actual color of the mineral. Example: Chalcopyrite-mineral is shiny gold, yet streaks black

New cards
7

Specific Gravity

The density of the mineral. Example-weight juxtaposed to water

New cards
8

Minerals w/highest specific gravity

Gold-19.32; Lead-11.34; Copper-8.95; Iron-7.8; Galena-7.4

New cards
9

Is Mohs scale of hardness used for rocks or minerals?

Minerals

New cards
10

What minerals on Mohs scale can cut glass?

Minerals w/hardness of 5.5 and greater. Ex: Diamond(10); Corundum(9); Quartz(7); Orthoclase(6)

New cards
11

Minerals used as raw ORE for extracting metals through smelting process

Hematite; Magnetite; Limonite; Azurite; Malachite

New cards
12

Minerals that leave a streak

Ones with hardness less than 7. Ex-Graphite; Talc; Satin Spar; Alabaster

New cards
13
<p>Alabaster</p>

Alabaster

Gypsum/Calcite

Mohs Hardness 2

Forms in layers due to evaporating sea water. Chalky, white color

Uses-sculpting and industrial

New cards
14
<p>Amethyst</p>

Amethyst

  • Color: Light to dark purple

  • Mohs Hardness: 7

  • Transparency: Transparent to translucent

  • Specific gravity: 2.6–2.7

  • Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

  • Crystal structure: Hexagonal, when combined w/rock it makes a geode

  • Uses; Jewelry


New cards
15
<p>Amphibole</p>

Amphibole

  • Crystal habit: Long prismatic or fibrous

  • Mohs hardness: 5–6

  • Usually black with straight-line orientation

  • Luster: Vitreous, dull, or opaque

  • Uses: paving stones and as a veneer or facing on buildings

New cards
16
<p>Apatite</p>

Apatite

  • Color: Usually green but can also be brown, blue, yellow, purple, pink, or colorless

  • Mohs Hardness: 5

  • Specific gravity: 3.1 to 3.3

  • Crystal habit: Elongated, small, hexagonal crystal structure

  • Uses: Industrial; fertilizer; or gemstone

New cards
17
<p>Azurite</p>

Azurite

Color: Azure-blue, deep blue

Crystal habit: Monoclinic

Copper ore

Luster : vitreous

Mohs scale hardness: 3.5 to 4

Specific gravity: 3.773

Uses: jewelry, as an ornamental stone, and as a pigment for painting


New cards
18
<p>Beryl</p>

Beryl

  • Color: green

  • Mohs Hardness: 7.5–8

  • Luster: Vitreous to resinous /transparent to translucent

  • Breaks messily and rarely shows crystal habit. True form hides in rock. Will shatter

  • Specific gravity: 2.63–2.92


New cards
19
<p>Biotite</p>

Biotite

  • Color: Black, dark brown, dark green, reddish black, yellow, and white

  • Streak: White or gray

  • Hardness: 2.5–3 on the Mohs scale

  • Transparency: Translucent to opaque

  • Luster: Pearly to submetallic

  • Specific gravity: 2.7–3.1 g/cm3

  • Crystal forms: Thick flakes, micaceous masses, tabular, foliated, flaky, and scaly

  • Uses: commercial; paint filler, rubber products, roofing shingles, asphalt

New cards
20
<p>Chalcopyrite</p>

Chalcopyrite

  • Color: Brassy to golden yellow

  • Hardness: 3.5–4

  • Luster: Metallic

  • Streak: Greenish black soft & powdery (Incongruent streak)

  • Diaphaneity: Opaque

  • Specific gravity: 4.1–4.3

  • Optical properties: Opaque

  • Crystal system: Tetragon

New cards
21
<p>Corundum (<strong>Rubies </strong>and <strong>Sapphires</strong>)</p>

Corundum (Rubies and Sapphires)

  • Color: Golden-brown, blue, red, pink, yellow, grey,

  • Mohs Hardness: 9 making it one of the hardest minerals

  • Streak: White when scratched on a streak plate

  • Luster: Adamantine, vitreous, and pearly

  • Density: 4.02 g/cm3

  • Transparency: Transparent, translucent, opaque

  • Tenacity: Brittle

  • Parting: Rhombohedral sometimes perfect

  • Uses: gemstones, industrial, sandpaper

New cards
22
<p>Flint</p>

Flint

  • Mohs Hardness 7, can scratch steel.

  • Color: Flint can be black, gray, brown, white. Translucent or semi-translucent.

  • Concordial fracture, Flint breaks with a glasslike fracture that can produce sharp edges.

  • Flint can produce sparks when struck with steel. This property makes it useful for starting fires and making tools.

  • Small crystal size makes it tougher than many other rocks and stones.

  • Texture: sharp, slick

  • Flint also has a waxy or dull luster and can be translucent or opaque. It takes a good polish and then has a vitreous luster.

     

New cards
23
<p>Flourite</p>

Flourite

  • Mohs Hardness: 4 softer than nail

  • Light green or purple

  • Crystal system: Isometric

  • Crystal forms: Cube, octahedron, dodecahedron, tetrahexahedron, trapezohedron, trisoctahedron, and hexoctahedron

  • Luster: Vitreous, resinous, or dull

  • Specific gravity: 3.2

New cards
24
<p>Garnet</p>

Garnet

Color: red, burgundy, black or tan

Crystal habit: 12 sides, dodecahedron

Mohs Hardness

6.5 – 7.5 (very hard)

Specific Gravity

3.6 – 4.3 (increases with iron content)

Luster

Vitreous (glass-like) to resin-like, transparent to translucent.

Streak

White (or pale shade of sample's color)

New cards
25
<p>Graphite</p>

Graphite

  • Mohs Hardness: of 1–2

  • Color: Graphite is dark gray to black, opaque, and shiny.

  • Feel: Graphite has a greasy feel and a low specific gravity.

  • Structure: Graphite has a hexagonal, multi-layer planar microstructure with alternating layers.

  • Metallic and non-metallic properties. Made from carbon just like diamonds, except graphite is made closer to the earth’s surface.

  • Uses: Graphite is used in high-temperature lubricants, brushes for electrical motors, friction materials, battery and fuel cells, and pencil "lead". Graphite is also used in furnaces and brake linings.

New cards
26
<p>Halite</p>

Halite

  • Color: Usually clear or white, but can be red or orange with impurities

  • Mohs Hardness: 2.5 (soft)

  • Fracture: Conchoidal

  • Streak: White

  • Luster: Vitreous

  • Crystals: Isometric, cubic

  • Taste: Salt

  • Uses: Rock salt

New cards
27
<p>Hematite</p>

Hematite

  • Mohs Hardness: 5 - 6

  • Color: Black to silver gray, in earthy forms is red to brown

  • Iron ore

  • 1st mineral identified on Mars

  • Specific gravity: 5.3 feels heavy

  • Streak: Distinctive reddish-brown streak 

  • Forms in aquatic environments


New cards
28
<p>Jasper</p>

Jasper

Mohs Hardness 6.5 -7 will scratch glass

Color: Brown, reddish brown

Crystal habit; hexagonal breaks with a smooth surface can be highly polished

Specific gravity 2.5- 2.9

Uses: ornamentation or as gemstone or items such as vases, seals and snuff boxes

New cards
29
<p>Limonite (<strong>Iron Ore</strong>)</p>

Limonite (Iron Ore)

  • Color: Yellow, brown, or reddish-brown

  • Streak: Yellowish brown

  • Mohs Hardness: 4–5.5

  • Luster: Dull, vitreous, or silky porous

  • Specific gravity: 2.7–4.3

  • Transparency: Opaque

  • Fracture: Splintery, uneven

  • Tenacity: Brittle 

New cards
30
<p>Magnetite</p>

Magnetite

  • Color: Black or brownish-black

  • Hardness: 5.5–6.5

  • Specific gravity: 5.2

  • iron ions

  • Lustre: Metallic, sub-metallic

  • Streak: Black

  • Density: 5.175 g/cm

  • Crystal system: Isometric

  • Ferromagnetic: Meaning it is strongly attracted to magnetic fields 


New cards
31
<p>Malachite (<strong>copper ore</strong>)</p>

Malachite (copper ore)

  • Mohs Hardness: 3½ - 4

  • Colour: Bright green, with crystals deeper shades of green, even very dark to nearly black; green to yellowish green in transmitted light.

  • Streak: Light green.

  • Mohs Hardness: 3½ - 4

  • Luster: silky, earthy. Transparency: Opaque.

  • Patinas in the copper ore is what turns it green, just like the Statue of Liberty because it also is made with Malachite

New cards
32
<p>Milky Quartz</p>

Milky Quartz

  • Silicate dioxide (SiO2)

  • Hardness: 7 will scratch glass

  • Crystal system: Rhombohedral

  • Fracture: Conchoidal

  • Luster: Vitreous to greasy

  • Streak: White

New cards
33
<p>Muscovite </p>

Muscovite

Form of Mica, sheet silicate

  • Color: Usually colorless, white, or silver, but can also be yellow or brown

  • Formation: produces thin sheets or flakes

  • Mohs Hardness: 2 to 2.5

  • Crystal structure: Aluminum silicate sheets weakly bound together by layers of positive ions

  • Lustre: Vitreous, silky, pearly

  • Transparency: Transparent, translucent

  • Streak: white

  • Specific gravity: 2.8–2.9 

  • Uses: industrial filler, lubricant, electrical and thermal insulator


New cards
34
<p>Olivine</p>

Olivine

Color: Olive green, yellow green.

Gritty texture

Uses: Industrial abrasives, refractory sand in steel manufacturing

Mohs Hardness

6.5 to 7 (very hard)

Specific Gravity

3.2 (Mg-rich variety) to 4.3 (Iron-rich variety) (average weight)

New cards
35
<p>Orthoclase</p>

Orthoclase

Mohs Hardness 6

Color: salmon, peach, cream, tan, beige, white

Texture: high luster, craggly, scraggly look in the shine

New cards
36
<p>Plagioclase</p>

Plagioclase

Color: gray, tan, beige, white, cream

Mohs hardness 6-6.5

HIgh luster

Texture: high luster, craggly scraggly look in shine has straight line orientation

New cards
37
<p>Pyrite</p>

Pyrite

Mohs 6- 6.5

Color, brassy gold, shiney, has incongruent black streak

New cards
38
<p>Rock Crystal Quartz</p>

Rock Crystal Quartz

  • Chemistry: silicon oxide.

  • Mohs Hardness: 7

  • Refractive Index: 1.544.

  • Specific gravity: 2.65.

  • Lustre: vitreous.


New cards
39
<p>Rose Quartz</p>

Rose Quartz

Mohs 7

Trigonal crystal system

Color: pink

Uses: jewelry and decoration

New cards
40
<p>Satin Spar</p>

Satin Spar

Mohs 2, fibrous crystal habit that forms in sticks and can have high luster if not scratched alot.

Also a form of gypsum

Color: milky white or clear

Lustre: vitreous, translucent to opaque. Will dissolve in water

New cards
41
<p>Selenite</p>

Selenite

Mohs 2

Also a gypsum

Forms in sheets

Has high luster if not scratched alot transparent to translucent

New cards
42
<p>Smokey Quartz</p>

Smokey Quartz

Mohs 7

Color: dark brown

New cards
43
<p>Sphalerite</p>

Sphalerite

Crystal habit: dodecahedral. In pure form, it is a semiconductor, but transitions to a conductor as the iron content increases. It’s many facets (flat parts) or “faces” cause it to look glittery.

Color: brown, tan, grey, or black. High luster very shiny

Mohs 3.5 to 4

New cards
44
<p>Talc</p>

Talc

Mohs 1 softest mineral

Color: white, milky

Crystal habit: layered and feels very slick

Uses: loose powders for chafing (e.g., talcum powder, baby powder, blush, eyeshadow), and in other forms (e.g., pressed powder, liquid makeup). It is also used in some food items, such as rice and chewing gum, and to manufacture pill tablets.

#1 use is an industrial lubricant. Also absorbs well

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 45 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 35 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 248 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 6 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 3715 people
... ago
4.7(24)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (109)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (31)
studied byStudied by 4 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (42)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (55)
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (39)
studied byStudied by 49 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (29)
studied byStudied by 4 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (61)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (93)
studied byStudied by 140 people
... ago
5.0(2)
robot