kin 392 exam 3

pharmacology

beta blockers action

decrease HR, BP, heart contractility

beta blockers result

decrease myocardial oxygen demand and ischemia

too high of dose of beta blockers may result in

hypotension, excessive bradycardia, fatigue, heartblock

beta blockers used to treat…

hypertension, angina pectoris, heart failure due to systolic dysfunction, migraine, anxiety

beta blockers _ cardiac output

reduce

beta blockers reduce *and*

HR, BP

beta blockers should not change _

heart rhythm

angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors abbreviation

ACE-I

ACE-I decrease progression of renal failure due to _

hypertension

ACE-I used to treat heart failure due to

systolic dysfunction

ACE-I action

decrease conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

inhibit RAAS to allow blood vessels to dilate

ACE-I result

lower BP

allow heart to pump against lower pressure

ACE-I helps _ *bp but has no direct effect on* _

decrease, hr

calcium channel blockers block the …

entry of calcium into cardiac myocytes and smooth muscle cell

calcium channel blockers cause a _ in myocardial and peripheral oxygen demand

decrease

(CCB) treat patients with isolated systolic HTN and angina pectoris, and ischemic heart disease

dihydropyridines

(CCB) indicated for HTN, angina, supraventricular tachycardia,

nondihydropyridines

calcium channel blockers action

ardiac and slow entry of calcium into cardiac and smooth muscle cells

calcium channel blockers result

relax cardiac and smooth muscle, reduce BP, symptoms of ischemic heart disease and cardiac arrhythmias

all CCB _ bp

decrease

nonhydropyridines have _ direct effect on exercise tolerance

little

diuretics _ body’s excretion of fluids

increase

diuretics indicated for *_*

edema, hypertension, heart failure

diuretics _ preload and extracellular volume

decrease

diuretics _

urine flow rate and natriuretic rate

water _ salt

follows

diuretics keep vasculature from _ water

reclaiming

thiazides *_ Na+ - Cl- transport at the* _

inhibit, distal convoluted tubule

thiazides _ salt loss

increase

loop diuretics _ *Na+ - K+ - 2Cl- ion transport protein in the* _

inhibit, thick ascending limb of the loop of henle

loop diuretics _ Na+ and fluid delivery to distal fluid segment

increase

potassium sparing diuretics *_ excretion of K+ and _ extracellular body fluid and blood volume through* _

decrease, decrease, increased NaCl excretion

mineralocorticoid receptor blockers _ *salt and water retention and _ K+ and H+ excretion*

inhibit, decrease

diuretics do not effect _ *and* _

HR, ECG

diuretics _ BP

decrease

nitrates and nitrites _ *lumen size to treat symptoms of_*

increase, angina pectoris

nitrate and nitrite action

smooth muscle relaxation through release of nitric oxide

nitrate and nitrite result

decreased venous return, preload, and afterload

resistance of blood flow is _ *related to _ which is* _ proportional to the fourth power of the lumens radius

directly, lumen size, inversely

resistance to blood flow equation

nL/r^4

nitrates and nitrites _ bp while active in blood stream

decrease

nitrates and nitrites _ patients ability to exercise

increase

nitrates and nitrites _ resting heart rate

reduce

cardiac glycosides _ *force of cardiac contraction and* _ cardiac rhythm

increase, regulate

cardiac glycosides are one of the first medications used to treat_ and control _

heart failure, arrhythmia

best known cardiac glycoside

digoxin

cardiac glycoside action

increase contractility, elevate vagal tone, inhibit sns, increase resting membrane potential

cardiac glycoside result

increase stroke volume

increase in sv is a _ effect

positive inotropic

cardiac glycosides _ hr

decrease

st segment depression on exercise ecg while on cardiac glycosides can show

false positive

antilipemic agents

modifiy lipid profiles

statins decrease - - -

chol, ldl, trig

statins _ chol : hdl ratio

improve

nictonic acid increase

hdl

fibric acid sequestrants decrease

chol, ldl, trig

what does lipoprotein lipase do

breakdown lipids

lipoprotein lipase promotes

clearance of fatty acids and glycerol

vldl is formed in

liver

lpl initiates hydrolysis of

vldl

hl works to form

idl and ldl

ldl delivers _ to peripheral tissues

chol

chol used in

membrane structure and steroid hormone synthesis

pathway for hdl metsbolism

lpl action and clearance of trig

remnants join with hdl3 to form hdl2

more hld2 is associated with

lower risk of cad

antilipemic agents do not effect _

hr, bp, exercise capacity

med dose qd

daily

med dose bid

twice daily

med dose tid

three times daily

med dose qid

four times daily