Deep Ocean Currents & Marine Ecology

The amount of dissolved salt in water

Salinity

A unit used to measure salinity, showing how many parts of salt are in 1,000 parts of water

Parts per thousand (ppt)

The global movement of ocean water driven by differences in temperature and salinity

Thermohaline circulation

The amount of mass in a given volume

Density

Explain how temperature impacts the density of ocean water.

As temperature increases, density decreases

As temperature decreases, density increases

Explain how salinity impacts the density of ocean water.

As Salinity increases, density increases

As Salinity decreases, density decreases

How do freezing, melting, precipitation, and evaporation impact salinity?

Freezing and evaporation increase salinity

Melting and precipitation decreases salinity

What is the approximate Salinity for the equator?

35 ppt

What is the approximate Salinity for 30 N/S?

36-37 ppt

What is the approximate Salinity for 60 N/S?

33-34 ppt

Use the diagram below, to answer: If ocean water has a salinity of 36 PSU and a temperature of 10 ०C, what is its density?

1.0277 g/cm³

Explain why thermohaline circulation begins in the North & South Atlantic. 

The North and South of the Atlantic Ocean has the densest water. It sinks, pushing the water below it. This water travels along the ocean floor until it is pushed upwards

All organisims

Biosphere

A large grouping of plants and animals that occupy areas of similar climate

Biome

A small grouping of interacting plants, animals, and their environment.

Ecosystem

All living organisms in the ecosystem

Community

A single species of organism

Population

A single organism within a species

Individual

An organism that makes its own food using sunlight or chemicals

Producer

The nonliving parts of an environment, such as temperature, water, and sunlight

Abiotic

The study of how living things interact with each other and their environment

Ecology

An organism that eats other organisms for energy

Consumer

The feeding levels in a food chain or food web

Trophic levels

A simple path that shows how energy moves from one organism to another

Food Chain

An increase in the number of individuals in a population over time

Population growth

A group of interconnected food chains

Food web

 The living parts of an environment

Biotic

Name an abiotic factor (pictured) in this ecosystem:

Plastic debris

Name a biotic factor (pictured) in this ecosystem:

Fishes

List the community of this ecosystem

Seabirds, fishes, sea turtles, marine mammals, marine invertebrates

Name a population in this ecosystem

Sea turtles

Mutualism: 🙂 ☹ 😐 (emojis are search+shift+space) no spaces

🙂🙂

Commensalism: 🙂 ☹ 😐 (emojis are search+shift+space) no spaces

🙂😐

Parasitism: 🙂 ☹ 😐 (emojis are search+shift+space) no spaces

🙂☹

Example of mutualism

Sea anemones and clownfish

Example of commensalism

Remoras and sharks

Example of parasitism

Whales and whale louses

The diagram below shows three food chains in a coral reef biome. Use it to draw a food web for the biome. (answer = hi)

hi

What could be a keystone species in the food web above? Explain why.

The phytoplankton because if they die out, then everyone will eventually die.

What is the 10% rule?

Only 10% of the energy available at one trophic level is passed on and stored as biomass in the next level.

If the primary producer receives 5,000 units of energy from the sun, how much energy would be available in the secondary consumer?

50 units