Flashcards - Atmosphere and Weather Systems - Edexcel International A-level (IAL) - PMT

What is the primary component of the Earth's atmosphere?

Nitrogen, which makes up about 78% of the atmosphere.

What is the layer of the atmosphere where weather occurs?

The troposphere.

Define 'climate.'

The long-term average of weather patterns in a specific area.

What phenomenon is responsible for the seasons?

The tilt of the Earth's axis.

What are greenhouse gases?

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, such as CO2, CH4, and N2O.

What is the role of the ozone layer?

To protect living organisms from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

What defines a front in weather systems?

A boundary between two air masses with different temperatures and humidity.

What is the Coriolis effect?

The deflection of moving objects due to the rotation of the Earth.

What measurement indicates atmospheric pressure?

Millibars (mb) or inches of mercury (inHg).

What is an anticyclone?

A high-pressure system characterized by calm, clear weather.

Define 'humidity.'

The amount of water vapor present in the air.

What is a cyclone?

A low-pressure system that generally brings stormy weather.

What is the water cycle?

The continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth.

What is the difference between weather and climate?

Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate refers to long-term patterns.

What is a rain shadow?

An area that receives reduced rainfall due to a mountain barrier.

Define 'precipitation.'

Any form of water, liquid or solid, that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth.

What is convection in terms of atmospheric processes?

The vertical movement of air caused by temperature differences.

What does the term 'saturation point' refer to?

The point at which air can hold no more water vapor.

What type of clouds typically indicate rain?

Cumulonimbus clouds.

What is an isobar?

A line on a weather map that connects points of equal atmospheric pressure.

What is meteorology?

The scientific study of the atmosphere and weather.

What impact does deforestation have on the atmosphere?

It increases CO2 levels and decreases oxygen levels.

Define 'temperature inversion.'

A situation where the temperature increases with altitude instead of decreasing.

What are trade winds?

Persistent winds that blow from east to west in the tropics.

What does a barometer measure?

Atmospheric pressure.

Name one consequence of climate change.

Increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events.