Excretory System
4.3(3)
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Last updated 12:09 AM on 4/21/23
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72 Terms
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excretory system
maintain homeostasis by doing osmoregulation
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Osmoregulation
the absorption and excretion of water and the solutes dissolved in water
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what does the excretory system remove?
nitrogen waste
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what depends on an organisms' environment?
osmoregulation
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Freshwater fish have...
internals more salty than environment
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Saltwater fish have...
internals less salty than environment
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Because of their environment, what do saltwater fish have to do to maintain their osmotic levels?
constantly drink water & chloride cells to filter
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What was late to evolve in the history of life?
Kidney
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Contractile vacuoles
store water
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Where are contractile vacuoles found?
protists like paramecium and amoebas
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where are flame cells found
flatworms
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Contractile vacuoles accumulate...
water before released by exocytosis
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Contractile vacuoles does osmoregulation...
and gets rid of nitrogen waste
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What are easily filtered across flame cells?
bodily fluids
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where are the Interstitial fluid located?
between cells
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What moves the bodily fluid in flam cells through the tube system?
Internal cilia
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what is secreted from the tube system through pores that exit the body?
Waste water and salts are excreted
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what occurs in pairs?
Nephridia
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what is found in segmented worms?
Nephridia
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where do the intestinal fluids enter in Nephridia?
through the nephrostome
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Fluids are concentrated as they pass through where and why?
the collecting tubule due to selective secretion of valuable material into the coelomic fluid
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\_______ that surround the collection tubule absorb the material
Capillaries
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At the end of the collection tubule the concentrated waste materials are excreted through the...
excretory pore
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What occurs in insects?
Malpighian Tubules
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Tubes attached to the midgut and collect fluid from the...
hemolymph
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Water, nitrogen wastes, and nutrients are carried from the hemolymph to the...
midgut
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As the material moves to the hindgut, valuable material is passed into the cells of the...
Digestive system
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Waste continues to the...
anus
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midgut\=
stomach
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hindgut\=
intestine
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The kidney carry out both...
excretion and osmoregulation
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The filtrate produced in the kidney eventually becomes...
urine
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Renal cortex \=
outer structure
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Renal medulla \=
middle structure
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Renal pelvis \=
inner structure used to collect urine
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The \______ is the functional unit of the kidney
Nephron
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\_______ nephrons are found in each kidney
About 1 million
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Water goes from where to where?
the Glomerulus to the Bowman's Capsule
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Only \____ leaves the nephron
1%
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Filtrate contains -
water, ions, glucose, amino acids, and urea
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Large substances like \_____ cannot enter Bowman's capsule
red blood cells
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Capillaries are close to the nephron for...
Reabsorption
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65% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the\____
Proximal convoluted Tubule
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Negative ions like \___ follow the sodium
Cl-
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\____% of water leaves via osmosis
65
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bicarbonate is \______ in the proximal convoluted tubule
reabsorbed
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\____ of the glucose and amino acids last are absorbed here
100%
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\_____ is added to the filtrate from the capillaries
Ammonia
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The longer the loop of Henle...
the more adapted the organism is to dry conditions or desert
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the loop of Henle begins in the\______ but extends into the \_______
cortex; medulla
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The further the loop travels into the medulla...
the greater the salt concentration outside the loop is
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Descending limb is...
permeable to water and it leaves the loop via osmosis
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The descending limb has low permeability to...
ions such as Na+
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the longest loop of Henle is present in...
the kangaroo rat
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the longer the descending limb...
the more water is lost
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\______ goes up as it goes down the loop
Molarity
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At the bottom of the loop, the fluid is...
very concentrated
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The ascending limb is....
impermeable to water
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In the lower region Na+ and Cl- are...
passively removed
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They are \________ out of the upper portion of the loop of Henle
Actively pumped
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About \______ of the reabsorption of NaCl occurs in the loop of Henle
25%
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High concentration outside the loop of Henle is caused by...
removal of Na+ and Cl-
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Distal Convoluted Tubule is affected by \____
Aldosterone (narrow or open)
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\______is absorbed in the distal convoluted tubule
Both Na+ and Cl-
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Absorption of Na+ and Cl- are caused by...
Aldosterone and causes changes in blood pressure
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Bicarbonate's reabsorption is caused by...
Aldosterone (also)
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Bicarbonate is a...
buffer
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Buffer -
maintains pH level
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Collecting Duct is where...
more NaCl is reabsorbed
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ADH -
regulates the amount of water in the collecting duct
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ADH allows -
the opening of aquaporins and teh reabsorption of water
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The collection duct leads to...
the bladder
