Flashcards for Anxiety, Depressive, Bipolar, Trauma- and Stressor-Related, and Eating Disorders

Flashcards covering key vocabulary related to Anxiety, Depressive, Bipolar, Trauma- and Stressor-Related, and Eating Disorders, based on lecture notes.

Anxiety Disorder

A condition where a person feels extremely worried or very nervous more often, even when there is little or no reason to worry.

Stress

The physical or mental response to an external cause, such as having too many tasks or having an illness.

Anxiety

Characterized by the presence of anxiety and by avoidance behaviors designed to ward it off; symptomatic of nearly all mental disorders and the most common of all mental disorders.

Agoraphobia

Fear of situations or places where escape may be difficult or embarrassing, or where help might be unavailable if anxiety or panic symptoms occur.

Panic Attack

A brief episode that begins suddenly and peaks rapidly, characterized by intense dread, cardiac symptoms, and trouble breathing, lasting less than 30 minutes.

Specific Phobia

Unwarranted fears of specific objects or situations, such as animals, blood, or heights, resulting in anxiety or panic.

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

Fear of appearing clumsy, silly, or shameful, and of having these behaviors observed by others in social situations.

Panic Disorder

A common anxiety disorder where individuals experience several panic attacks and worry about having more; can be with or without agoraphobia.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Characterized by low-grade, chronic, and unfocused anxiety, with excessive worry about everyday life without obvious precipitants.

Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder

Anxiety symptoms produced by the use of substances (e.g., marijuana, caffeine, alcohol) during acute intoxication or withdrawal.

Anxiety Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition

Anxiety symptoms produced by physiological conditions such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, or endocrine disorders, rather than a psychological cause.

Selective Mutism

Consistent failure to speak in social situations where speech is expected, even though the individual speaks in other situations.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Characterized by one or more major depressive episodes lasting at least two weeks, including depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure and additional symptoms like insomnia or fatigue.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)

A chronic depression lasting almost daily for at least two years, with persistent depressive symptoms and functional impairment, formerly known as dysthymic disorder.

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)

A disorder in children characterized by chronically unstable moods, heightened irritability, and intense and disruptive behaviors (e.g., verbal outbursts, physical aggression) inappropriate for their age.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

A disorder affecting women from menarche to menopause, characterized by significant mood disturbance and impairment in functioning in the week before menses.

Bipolar I Disorder

A mood disorder characterized by at least one manic episode; may also include major depressive episodes.

Bipolar II Disorder

A mood disorder characterized by at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode, but no full-blown manic episodes.

Cyclothymic Disorder

A mood disorder characterized by moderate to mild fluctuations of thought, mood, and behavior, with subsyndromal depressive and hypomanic states that do not meet full criteria for major depressive or manic episodes.

Manic Episode

A period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy, lasting at least one week.

Hypomanic Episode

A less severe and briefer form of a manic episode, lasting at least four consecutive days, with similar symptoms but not causing marked impairment in social or occupational functioning.

Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

A category of mental disorders where exposure to a traumatic or stressful event is an explicit diagnostic criterion, including conditions like PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder.

Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)

A serious and debilitating reaction to trauma, with symptoms of intrusion, avoidance, negative changes in cognition/mood, and altered arousal/reactivity, lasting from three days to one month after trauma exposure.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A serious and debilitating reaction to trauma that endures over time and significantly impairs functioning, with symptoms similar to ASD but lasting longer than one month.

Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)

An attachment disorder in children who have experienced severely negligent care, characterized by a pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers.

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED)

An attachment disorder in children who have experienced severely negligent care, characterized by a pattern of approaching and interacting with unfamiliar adults with reduced reticence.

Adjustment Disorders

Maladaptive emotional or behavioral symptoms that develop within three months in response to an identifiable stressor and dissipate within six months after the stressor or its consequences diminish.

Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by dietary restriction leading to significantly low body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body image.

Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge-eating coupled with compensatory behaviors (e.g., purging, excessive exercise) used to prevent weight gain.

Binge-Eating Disorder (BED)

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge-eating episodes without the compensatory behaviors seen in bulimia nervosa, often leading to overweight or obesity.

Pica

An eating disorder characterized by the consumption of non-nutritive, non-food substances (e.g., dirt, clay, rocks) over at least one month, not supported by developmental, cultural, or societal norms.

Rumination Disorder

An eating disorder characterized by repeated regurgitation of swallowed or partially digested food for at least one month, without an underlying medical condition.

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

A feeding disorder characterized by a disturbance in feeding or eating resulting in persistent failure to meet appropriate nutritional and/or energy needs, without body image concerns.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

An anxiety-related disorder characterized by unwanted intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) engaged in to reduce discomfort.

Hoarding Disorder (HD)

Characterized by persistent difficulties with discarding items, regardless of their actual value, leading to clutter that compromises living areas.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

Characterized by an excessive and time-consuming preoccupation with a perceived flaw or defect in physical appearance, not better accounted for by an eating disorder.

Trichotillomania (Hair Pulling Disorder)

A disorder characterized by the repetitive removal of one's own body hair, typically resulting in noticeable hair loss, often accompanied by a sense of gratification or relief.

Excoriation (Skin Picking) Disorder

A disorder characterized by excessive and impulsive scratching, rubbing, or picking of normal skin, which creates lesions and is often associated with feelings of relief or gratification.