IB/AP US History Final

Captains of industry

Business leaders who amassed great wealth and power during the late 19th century.

Clear and present danger

A legal standard used to determine when speech can be limited.

Robber barons

Wealthy and powerful 19th-century industrialists who were accused of using unethical practices.

Separate but equal

A legal doctrine that justified racial segregation as long as facilities were equal.

19th Amendment

The constitutional amendment granting women the right to vote in the United States.

Brown v. Board of Education

A landmark Supreme Court case that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Civil War

A conflict fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865 over issues including states' rights and slavery.

Columbian exchange

The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World.

Dawes Severalty Act

A law passed in 1887 aimed at assimilating Native Americans by allotting them individual plots of land.

Declaration of Sentiments

A document signed in 1848 at the Seneca Falls Convention outlining the rights women should be entitled to.

Espionage Act of 1918

A law that imposed severe penalties for anti-war activities and espionage during World War I.

Executive Order 9066

An order issued during World War II that authorized the internment of Japanese Americans.

Fugitive Slave Act

A law that required the return of runaway slaves to their owners.

Gospel of Wealth

An essay by Andrew Carnegie that argued wealthy individuals have a responsibility to use their fortunes for the greater good.

Great Society

A set of domestic programs launched by President Lyndon B. Johnson aimed at eliminating poverty and racial injustice.

Homestead Act

A law enacted in 1862 that provided 160 acres of public land to settlers for a small fee.

Judicial review

The power of courts to assess whether a law is in compliance with the constitution.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

An 1854 law that allowed territories to decide for themselves whether to allow slavery.

Martin Luther King, Jr.

A civil rights leader known for his nonviolent activism and famous for his 'I Have a Dream' speech.

Monroe Doctrine

A U.S. policy opposing European colonialism in the Americas, articulated in 1823.

New Deal

A series of programs and reforms enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression.

Plessy v. Ferguson

An 1896 Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

Reconstruction

The period following the Civil War during which the Southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union.

Vietnam War

A conflict in Vietnam from 1955 to 1975 involving the communist government of North Vietnam and South Vietnam.

Watergate

A political scandal involving a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters and the subsequent cover-up by the Nixon administration.