Momentum
quantity of motion that an object has
“mass in motion”
describes an object's resistance to stopping
mass and velocity
The amount of momentum that an object has is dependent upon two variable
directly proportional
momentum is ___________ to both mass and speed
IMPULSE
a certain amount of force you apply for a certain amount of time to cause a change in momentum.
p=mv
momentum formula
J=ft
impulse formula
IMPULSE-MOMENTUM THEOREM
states that the change in momentum of an object equals the impulse applied to it.
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM
In the absence of an external force, the momentum of a system does not change.
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM
states when a system of interacting objects is not influenced by outside forces (like friction), the total momentum of the system can not change
the total momentum of all objects interacting with one another remains constant regardless of the nature of the forces between the objects
the total momentum of a system will stay the same before and after a collision
m1v1= -m2v2
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM equation
RECOIL
a term that refers to moment when a gun moves backwards after it is shot
uniformly accelerated motion
The motion of an object with constant acceleration is also known as ___________
COLLISIONS
any event in which two or more bodies exert forces on each other in a relatively short time.
equals
In any collision, the total net momentum before the collision ___ the total net momentum after the collision
ELASTIC
When objects collide without being permanently deformed and without generating heat
ELASTIC
Perfectly ___ collisions almost never occur
Heat is usually generated with collisions, so energy is transformed out of the system
ELASTIC
Momentum AND Kinetic energy is conserved
No permanent deformation, no sound, no friction
Different direction
INELASTIC
When colliding objects stick together and travel off as one object
Momentum is conserved, but Kinetic energy is NOT
INELASTIC
Possible permanent deformation, sound, or friction between objects
Work done by non-conservative forces
Same direction
PROJECTILE
neglects air resistant
ONE-DIMENSIONAL MOTION
motion along a straight line or in a single direction
MOTION
a change in position with respect to a reference point.
DISPLACEMENT
the straight-line distance between an object’s initial and final positions, with direction toward the final position
DISTANCE
the total length of path taken by an object in moving from its initial to final position
SPEED
A measure of how fast an object moves; Rate at which distance is covered; The distance traveled by a moving object per unit time
VELOCITY
includes the speed of an object and the direction of its motion.
ACCELERATION
rate of change of velocity; Because velocity is a vector quantity, a change in velocity can be a change in magnitude, a change in direction, or a change in both magnitude and direction
FREE FALL MOTION
Objects that fall ONLY due to gravity.
the state wherein a falling object is free from air resistance and falls under the influence of gravity alone
Projectile’s downward acceleration when it is on air (-9.8 m/s^2)
Initial velocity is always 0 m/s
PROJECTILE MOTION
a motion in which an object is thrown near the earth’s surface, and it moves along the curved path under the action of gravity only
PROJECTILE MOTION
Traces a curved (parabolic) line because at the same time that the ball is moving horizontally, it is also moving vertically under the effect of gravity.
PROJECTILE MOTION
Object that is initially thrown into the air and continues to move on its trajectory acted upon by gravity.
HORIZONTAL
one of the components of projectile motion
remains constant
entirely independent
VERTICAL
one of the components of projectile motion
velocity of a projectile changes
Time of Flight
Time taken by the projectile to cover the entire trajectory
Range
the horizontal (x) distance traveled by the projectile during entire motion
Trajectory
The parabolic path followed by a projectile in air
Type I
Horizontal, then vertical; there is an initial velocity
a rock is thrown horizontally from the top of a cliff 88 m high, with a horizontal speed of 25m/s.
Type II
Ground -> up -> down
a golf ball was struck from the first tee at Lunar Golf. It was given a velocity of 50m/s at an angle of 42o to the horizontal. On the moon, the acceleration due to gravity is 1.6m/s2
Type III
Initial velocity;
a diver takes off with a speed of 10 m/s from a 5 m high diving board at 30 above the horizontal.
45
best angle to fire to reach the largest distance
zero
Velocity in both highest and lowest points will always be __