Physics 1 Term Test

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Momentum

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41 Terms

1

Momentum

  • quantity of motion that an object has

  • “mass in motion”

describes an object's resistance to stopping

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2

mass and velocity

The amount of momentum that an object has is dependent upon two variable

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3

directly proportional

momentum is ___________ to both mass and speed

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4

IMPULSE

a certain amount of force you apply for a certain amount of time to cause a change in momentum.

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5

p=mv

momentum formula

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6

J=ft

impulse formula

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7

IMPULSE-MOMENTUM THEOREM

states that the change in momentum of an object equals the impulse applied to it.

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8

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM

  • In the absence of an external force, the momentum of a system does not change.

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9

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM

  • states when a system of interacting objects is not influenced by outside forces (like friction), the total momentum of the system can not change

  • the total momentum of all objects interacting with one another remains constant regardless of the nature of the forces between the objects

the total momentum of a system will stay the same before and after a collision

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10

m1v1= -m2v2

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM equation

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11

RECOIL

a term that refers to moment when a gun moves backwards after it is shot

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12

uniformly accelerated motion

The motion of an object with constant acceleration is also known as ___________

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13

COLLISIONS

any event in which two or more bodies exert forces on each other in a relatively short time.

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14

equals

In any collision, the total net momentum before the collision ___ the total net momentum after the collision

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15

ELASTIC

When objects collide without being permanently deformed and without generating heat

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16

ELASTIC

  • Perfectly ___ collisions almost never occur

  • Heat is usually generated with collisions, so energy is transformed out of the system

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17

ELASTIC

  • Momentum AND Kinetic energy is conserved

  • No permanent deformation, no sound, no friction

  • Different direction

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18

INELASTIC

  • When colliding objects stick together and travel off as one object

Momentum is conserved, but Kinetic energy is NOT

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19

INELASTIC

  • Possible permanent deformation, sound, or friction between objects

  • Work done by non-conservative forces

  • Same direction

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20

PROJECTILE

neglects air resistant

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21

ONE-DIMENSIONAL MOTION

motion along a straight line or in a single direction

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22

MOTION

a change in position with respect to a reference point.

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23

DISPLACEMENT

the straight-line distance between an object’s initial and final positions, with direction toward the final position

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24

DISTANCE

  • the total length of path taken by an object in moving from its initial to final position

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25

SPEED

A measure of how fast an object moves; Rate at which distance is covered; The distance traveled by a moving object per unit time

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26

VELOCITY

includes the speed of an object and the direction of its motion.

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27

ACCELERATION

rate of change of velocity; Because velocity is a vector quantity, a change in velocity can be a change in magnitude, a change in direction, or a change in both magnitude and direction

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28

FREE FALL MOTION

  • Objects that fall ONLY due to gravity.

  • the state wherein a falling object is free from air resistance and falls under the influence of gravity alone

  • Projectile’s downward acceleration when it is on air (-9.8 m/s^2)

  • Initial velocity is always 0 m/s

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29

PROJECTILE MOTION

a motion in which an object is thrown near the earth’s surface, and it moves along the curved path under the action of gravity only

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30

PROJECTILE MOTION

Traces a curved (parabolic) line because at the same time that the ball is moving horizontally, it is also moving vertically under the effect of gravity.

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31

PROJECTILE MOTION

Object that is initially thrown into the air and continues to move on its trajectory acted upon by gravity.

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32

HORIZONTAL

one of the components of projectile motion

remains constant

entirely independent

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33

VERTICAL

one of the components of projectile motion

velocity of a projectile changes

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34

Time of Flight

  • Time taken by the projectile to cover the entire trajectory

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35

Range

  • the horizontal (x) distance traveled by the projectile during entire motion

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36

Trajectory

The parabolic path followed by a projectile in air

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37

Type I

  • Horizontal, then vertical; there is an initial velocity

  • a rock is thrown horizontally from the top of a cliff 88 m high, with a horizontal speed of 25m/s.

<ul><li><p>Horizontal, then vertical; there is an initial velocity</p></li><li><p>a rock is thrown horizontally from the top of a cliff 88 m high, with a horizontal speed of 25m/s.</p></li></ul>
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38

Type II

  • Ground -> up -> down

  • a golf ball was struck from the first tee at Lunar Golf. It was given a velocity of 50m/s at an angle of 42o to the horizontal. On the moon, the acceleration due to gravity is 1.6m/s2

<ul><li><p>Ground -&gt; up -&gt; down</p></li><li><p>a golf ball was struck from the first tee at Lunar Golf. It was given a velocity of 50m/s at an angle of 42o to the horizontal. On the moon, the acceleration due to gravity is 1.6m/s2</p></li></ul>
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39

Type III

  • Initial velocity;

  • a diver takes off with a speed of 10 m/s from a 5 m high diving board at 30 above the horizontal.

<ul><li><p>Initial velocity;</p></li><li><p>a diver takes off with a speed of 10 m/s from a 5 m high diving board at 30 above the horizontal.</p></li></ul>
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40

45

best angle to fire to reach the largest distance

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41

zero

Velocity in both highest and lowest points will always be __

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