DC Western Civ. Test #1

These are based straight off of the quiz questions and the unit we haven't had a quiz on next!!

Three ships that aided the development of commerce in 1000-1200 CE

dows, cogs, and junks

Three cradles of ancient civilization

China, Egypt, Indus River Valley (Bahgdad)

This edict forbade the persecution of Christians

Edict of Milan

Important technological development in medieval Europe that aided agricultural activity

Horse Collar

This Shia Dynasty ruled Egypt, until they were destroyed by Sunni empires

Fatimids

Chinese kingdom that lasted from 221 BC to 900 AD, and their descendants make up the largest demographic in modern China

Han Dynasty

rizq

extra allowance paid to merchants in lieu of intrest

jizya

a tax only made out to non-Muslims

lateen

triangular sails on dhow boats

The decline of Buddhism led to the rise of which religion?

Hinduism

Three important trading commodities for African empires

spices, gold, kola nuts

How did the Cahokian civilization collapse?

deforestation that led to drought

Where did the Great Morality first arrive in Europe?

Italy

Three ways that Afro-Eurasia established legitimacy

divine calling, conquering of other nations, clear rules about succession

What dynasty did Kublai Khan establish?

Yuan Dynasty

What agricultural product was the foundation for the Chimu Empire?

cotton

What weapon made the Mongols so powerful that led to their expansive empire?

compound bows

Mandate of Heaven

political and religious doctrine that justified the rule of the emperor

Varna System

social classification system in Hinduism, based on rules and duties

flagellant

a form of mortification of the flesh by self whipping

Palace of Tears

the home of the Ottoman sultans and their court for nearly 400 years; it was also the administrative center of the Ottoman Empire

Janissaries

elite soldiers and bureaucrats who owned direct allegiance to the sultan; maintained loyalty and order in provinces

Devshirme

conscription of Christian youths taken to be part of the administrative and military state

Sikhism

followed the teachings of Nanak, renounced the caste system and treat all believers as equal before god

what emperor conquered Delhi and started the Mughal Dynasty?

Babur

the Reconquista ended when what was taken?

Grenada

What where the two houses that fought in the War of Roses?

House of York (white rose) and House of Lancaster (red rose)

Zhu Yianzhang

from peasant background; joined the Red Turban Movement and eventually pushed the Mongols from China; conquered Nanjing in 1356 and founded the Ming Dynasty 12 years later after the capture of Beijing

Biomes

distinct biological systems that form in response to a shared physical condition

Who rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1498?

Vasco de Gama

Piri Reis

scholar and cartographer who used information from many sources to help chart Ottoman expansion

carracks

3-4 masted ship

caravels

ocean going with triangular sails

encomiendas

 system of grants given to encomenderos for labor in a particular area; paid special taxes to the crown on precious metals that were found

Tenochtitlan

Capital of the Aztec Empire; concentrated power in the city with a network of powerful families; religious rituals legitimized power of emperor by portraying him as closer to the gods than others

What did Cortes establish in 1521?

New Spain

Incan Empire

large empire but internal divisions; two brothers, Huascar and Atahualpa; vied for the throne; Spanish under Francisco Pizarro arrived in 1532; captured the emperor the Cuzco in 1533

Columbian Exchange

hemispheric transfer of animals, plants, people, and pathogens; smallpox, measles, pneumonic plague, and influenza

mestizos

Spanish men that married native women

Treaty of Tordesillas of 1492

 land split up evenly between Spain and Portugal; Portuguese areas did not have large established cities; hugged the coast; tried to force labor out of dispersed indigenous peoples; changed to imported African slaves when this failed; spread of sugar plantations to the Americas; most slaves were men and had to continuously be replaced

What were the two trade systems that cultivated the conquest to colonization?

1- Transatlantic Slave Trade: first voyage was in 1525; until 1820, 5 times as many Africans as Europeans moved to the Americas; slaves in Africa did not stay in perpetual servitude

2- Atlantic System: silver was imported to Spain; Potosi mines in the Andes; 25,000-35,000 tons of silver to Spain each year (very dangerous!!!, due to the smelting/mining process=mercury poisoning

Protestant Reformation

Martin Luther and his 95 Theses (Oct. 31, 1517); Charles V; Pope Leo X and Charles demanded Luther recant his claims (Diet of Worms in 1521); John Calvin; Henry VIII breaks from the Catholic Church

Counter-Reformation

Council of Trent (1545-1563): affirmed most doctrines but did enact some reforms; Ignatius Loyola and the Jesuits; Inquisition in Lima Peru in 1630s, mostly against Jews; persecution of “witches”

 Peace of Augsburg

Sept. 25, 1555, allowed Lutheranism in German areas; Charles abdicated in 1566; Philip II in Spain and Ferdinand in HRE ( Holy Roman Emperor ); wealth from the Americas fueled a lot of the fighting