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Vikings
The first Europeans to land in North America
Caravel
A sailing vessel that uses triangular sails to help it sail against the wind
Astrolabe
A tool that helps sailors navigate by the position of the stars
Magellan
The first person to lead an expedition that circumnavigated the world
Cortes
Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico
Pizarro
Spanish conquistador who defeated the Inca and conquered Peru
Charter
A document that gives the holder the right to organize settlements in an area
Line of Demarcation
The boundary between Spanish and Portuguese territories in the New World
Protestant Reformation
A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church
Conquistador
A Spanish conqueror of the Americas
Ponce de Leon
Spanish conquistador who claimed Florida for Spain
De Soto
Spanish conquistador who was the first European to reach the Mississippi River
Middle Passage
A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies
African Diaspora
The separation of Africans from their homeland through centuries of forced removal to serve as slaves in the Americas and elsewhere.
Northwest Passage
A water route from the Atlantic to the Pacific sought by navigators
Prince Henry the Navigator
Created a school of navigation and financed expeditions
Ferdinand and Isabella
The king and queen of Spain who gave Columbus the funds that he needed to find a route to Asia.
Treaty of Tordesillas
A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.
Columbian Exchange
The transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.
Balboa
First European to see the Pacific Ocean
Coronado
Discovered the Grand Canyon in search of the fabled Cities of Gold
Spanish Armada
The great fleet sent from Spain against England by Philip II in 1588 that was defeated by the English
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