AP Review Treaties and Meetings

Council of Constance

Resolved the Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy (Western Schism) between 1414-1418.

Diet of Worms

Luther answers to HRE Charles V in 1521.

Marburg Colloquy

Meeting between Luther and Zwingli that causes Protestant split in 1529.

Council of Trent

Outlined the Catholic Church’s position on the Counter-Reformation from 1545-1563.

Vatican II

Created modern Catholicism, including Mass in vernacular and collegiality with other religions from 1962-1965.

Peace of Augsburg

A 1555 agreement stating that the religion of the prince is the religion of the people, in a conflict involving the HRE and the Schmalkaldic League.

Treaty of Tordesillas

1494 treaty that divided the New World and Asia between Spain and Portugal.

Edict of Nantes

Issued in 1598, it gave Huguenots rights and protections in France.

Treaty of Westphalia

Ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648.

Treaty of Utrecht

Ended the War of Spanish Succession in 1713; thwarted Louis XIV’s hope of uniting the thrones of France and Spain.

Treaty of the Pyrenees

Ended the war between France and Spain that continued as an outgrowth of the Thirty Years' War in 1659.

Treaty of Karlowitz

Ended the Austro-Ottoman conflict in 1699.

Pragmatic Sanction

Promise made in 1713 to allow Austrian lands to be inherited by Maria Theresa.

Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle

Ended the War of the Austrian Succession in 1748.

Treaty of Paris (1763)

Ended the Seven Years’ War.

Tennis Court Oath

The 3rd Estate promises to meet until they create a constitution in 1789.

Congress of Vienna

Meeting of important foreign ministers after Napoleon, from 1814-1815, led by Metternich.

Frankfurt Assembly

German nationalists met from 1848-1849 to unify Germany but were unsuccessful; called the 'Windbag Assembly'.

Treaty of Paris (1856)

Ended the Crimean War.

Emancipation Act of 1861

Czar Alexander II freed the serfs but left them burdened with debt.

Treaty of Frankfurt

Ended the Franco-Prussian War in 1871; forced France to create the 3rd Republic to ratify it.

Congress of Berlin

Bismarck-led meeting in 1878 to address Balkan issues, showcasing tensions among Great Powers that would lead to WWI.

Second Berlin Conference

Bismarck served as the 'honest broker' in 1885 to resolve African imperial problems, especially regarding Belgian Congo.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

1918 treaty that took Russia out of the war, allowing Communists to consolidate power and resulted in significant territorial losses.

Treaty of Versailles

Peace treaty in 1919 that ended the First World War, criticized for being unfavorable to Germany.

Locarno Pact

A 1925 agreement among European great powers to support international peace through negotiations and to move past WWI animosities.

Munich Agreement

A 1938 agreement that appeased Hitler by allowing him to annex the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia.

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

A 1939 agreement to divide Poland between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.

Teheran Conference

In 1943, the Big Three leaders discussed the second front in France and postwar Eastern Europe.

Yalta Conference

A 1945 meeting among the Big Three regarding postwar Europe, the United Nations, and Japan.

Potsdam Conference

A 1945 conference where Stalin, Atlee, and Truman discussed postwar arrangements; Stalin was perceived to renege on promises and Truman used atomic bombs.

Maastricht Treaty

Established the European Union in 1991, ratified in 1993.

Dayton Accords

Framework for peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, established in 1995.