AP Review Treaties and Meetings

AP Review Treaties and Meetings

Church Councils and Meetings

Council of Constance (1414-18) – resolved the Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy (Western Schism)

Diet of Worms (1521) – Luther answers to HRE Charles V

Marburg Colloquy (1529): meeting between Luther and Zwingli causes Protestant split

Council of Trent (1545-63) – outlined the Catholic Church’s position on the Counter-Reformation

Vatican II (1962-65) – created modern Catholicism, Mass in vernacular, collegiality with other religions, etc.

Treaties and Pronouncements

Peace of Augsburg (1555) – HRE vs. Schmalkaldic League; religion of the prince is religion of  the people

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) – divided the New World and Asia between Spain and Portugal

Edict of Nantes (1598) – gave Huguenots rights and protections in France

Treaty of Westphalia (1648) – ended 30 Years’ War

Treaty of Utrecht (1713) – ended the War of Spanish Succession and Louis XIV’s hopes of uniting thrones of France and Spain

Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659) – ended war between France and Spain that had continued as an          outgrowth of the 30 Years’ War

Treaty of Karlowitz (1699) -- ends Austrian and Ottoman conflict

Pragmatic Sanction (1713) – promise to allow Austrian lands to be inherited by Maria Theresa

Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) – Ended War of the Austrian Succession

Treaty of Paris (1763) – ended the Seven Years’ War

Tennis Court Oath (1789) – 3^rd Estate promises to meet until they make a constitution

Congress of Vienna (1814-15) – meeting of most important foreign ministers after Napoleon, led   by Metternich

Frankfurt Assembly (1848-49) – German nationalists get together and unsuccessfully try to unify Germany; “Windbag Assembly”

Treaty of Paris (1856) - Ends Crimean War

Emancipation Act of 1861 – Czar Alexander II frees the serfs but burdens them in debt

Treaty of Frankfurt (1871) – ended Franco-Prussian War; forced France to create 3^rd Republic to ratify it

Congress of Berlin (1878) – Bismarck-led meeting over Balkans issues – showed problems  between Great Powers that would resurface and lead to WWI

Second Berlin Conference (1885) – Bismarck is the “honest broker” again – solve African imperial problems, esp. Belgian Congo

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918) – Russia out of the war so that Communists can consolidate power; Russia loses lots of territory

Treaty of Versailles (1919) – lousy peace treaty ending the First World War against Germany

Locarno Pact (1925) – European great powers pledge their support of international peace through negotiations and no hard feelings over First World War – “spirit of Locarno”

Munich Agreement (1938) – Hitler appeased by being given Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (1939) – Let’s split Poland!!!

Teheran Conference (1943) – Big Three meet about 2^nd front in France & Eastern Europe after the war

Yalta Conference (1945) – Big Three meet about postwar Europe, UN and Japan

Potsdam Conference (1945) – Stalin, Atlee & Truman – Stalin reneges on promises, Truman atomic bombs Japan

Maastricht Treaty (1991) – created the European Union; ratified in 1993

Dayton Accords (1995) -- framework for peace in Bosnia Herzegovina