BIOL 1031 MIDTERM

- Scott Bowling @ Auburn University, Biology 1031 lab practical 1 study guide - everything from remote labs

Phylum Euglenozoa

Phylum Gymnamoeba

Phylum ciliophora

Phylum apicomplexa

Phylum foraminifera

Phylum radiolaria

ciliates

have fast, smooth motion

flagellates

often slower with an almost spiraling motion

pseudopodia

slow and have an oozing, liquid movement

example of ciliophora

Paramecium

Example of gymnamoeba

Amoeba

Example of euglenozoa

Trypanosomes

Example of apicomplexa

Plasmodium

example of ciliophora

stentor

example of foraminifera

example of radiolaria

Phylum chlorophyta

Green algae

Phylum phaeophyta

brown algae

Phylum rhodophyta

red algae

Phylum Bacillariophyta

diatoms

Thallus bearing

looks like a plant but isn’t really

largest phylum of algae

chlorophyta

chlamydomonas characteristics

• part of chlorophyta

• unicellular; motile, with two anterior flagella

• cup shaped chloroplast, pigmented eyespot and clear nucleus

• life cycle is zygotic meiosis

Volvox characteristics

• chlorophyta

• motile, colonial

• large sphere colonies

• daughter colonies within sphere

Gonium characteristics

• chlorophyta

• flattened and held together by gelatinous material

Hydrodictyon characteristics

• chlorophyta

• non-motile, colonial

• multinucleate cells, separated by cross walls

Oedogonium characteristics

• chlorophyta

• non-motile

• filamentous (thread-like); unbranched filaments

• life cycle is zygotic meiosis

Ulva characteristics

• chlorophyta

• multicellular; relatively large

• mature body is flattened tissue-like sheet

• isomorphic alteration of generations

• common name is sea lettuce

Kelp characteristics

• phaeophyta

• large, multicellular complex bodies that form a flattened blade, stipe, and holdfast

• found in cool or cold, nutrient rich areas

rhodophyta characteristics

• multicellular

• marine

• found in deep waters and tropical waters

• contributes to formation if coral reefs

• compromised of interwoven cells

Fucus (pressed specimen)

Phylum phaeophyta

Sargassum (pressed specimen)

phylum phaeophyta

Polysiphonia (micrograph)

phylum phaeophyta

Laminaria (pressed)

phylum phaeophyta

Corallina (pressed)

phylum rhodophyta

Chondrus (pressed)

phylum rhodophyta

Plasmodial slime molds

phylum myxogastrida

characteristics of myxogastrida

• ooze on forest floor

• non-walled, multinucleate masses of protoplasm called a plasmodium

• plasmodium is a feeding stage

• in harsh conditions plasmodium enters an alternate life form in which sporangia (stalked fruiting bodies) are produced

Example of myxogastrida

Physarum (yellow stuff)

Difference between Plasmodium and plasmodium

Plasmodium = genus of phylum apicomplexa

plasmodium = feeding stage of phylum myxogastrida slime molds

Zygotic meiosis

• zygote directly undergoes meiosis

Gametic meiosis

• gametes formed directly by meiosis

Alteration of generations

• mitosis in two positions in life cycle forms 2 distinct multicellular generations; meiosis forms spores

3 phyla of non-vascular plants

1. Phylum bryophyta

2. Phylum hepatophyta

3. Phylum anthocerophyta

Phylum Bryophyta

true mosses

Phylum Hepatophyta

Liverworts

Phylum anthocerophyta

hornworts

Mnium Antheridial head

Mnium archegonial head

bryophyta moss example

protonemata

polytrichum

phylum bryophyta

polytrichum mature capsule

polytrichum male gametophyte

polytrichum female gametophyte

label this sporulating moss

gametophytes: green tissues on bottom

sporophytes: brown/white tissue on top

hepatophyta characteristics

• have gemma cups

• have antheridiophores (disk shaped)

• have archegoniophores (umbrella shaped0

Marchantia antheridiophores

Marchantia archegoniophores

Marchantia with prominent gemma cups

Marchantia archegonial head micrograph

Marchantia antheridial head micrograph

Marchantia spore tetrads micrograph

can sporophytes perform photosynthesis in horworts?

yes

anthoceros

• gametophyte is big part

• sporophyte is tip/tail looking thing

Anthoceros mature sporophyte micrograph

life cycle of a polytrichum moss

alteration of generations

two types of seedless vascular plant tissue

1. xylem

2. phloem

function of xylem

• carries water and minerals

• flow is from roots to rest of the plant

function of phloem

• carries carbohydrates and other nutrients

• flow is in whatever direction needed

Seedless vascular plant phylums

1. Phylum lycophyta

2. Phylum Psilophyta

3. Phhylum Arthrophyta

4. Phylum Pterophyta

phylum lycophyta

clubmosses

phylum pterophyta

true ferns

phylum psilophyta

whisk ferns

phylum arthrophyta

horsetails

strobilus

cone-like structure that consists of a cluster of sporophylls

phylum lycophyta example 1

Selaginella

phylum lycophyta example 2

lycopodium

Selaginella strobilus (micrograph)

Label the megaspores and microspores on this Selaginella strobilus

megaspores are the larger female ones (farthest left)

microspores are the smaller male ones (farthest right)

Resurrection plant

phylum lycophyta

Phylum psilophyta characteristics

• most “primitive” vascular plants

• no true leaves

• aka whisk ferns

Psilophyta example

Psilotum

label the parts of this psilotum

yellow: sporangia

Phylum anthrophyta example

Equisetum

Equisetum pressed specimen

Equisetum strobilus close up

Equisetum close look at nodes/internodes

largest group of seedless vascular plants

phylum pterophyta

rhizomes

horizontal underground stems

fronds

large leaves of ferns

sori

clusters of sporangia

prothallus

flat, heart shaped, thalloid structure

(gametophyte)

fiddleheads

tightly coiled fronds

protonemata

filament of cells

sporangium

structures in which spores are produced

archegonia

produced on underside of archegoniophore

female gametophyte

antheridia

produced in cavities connected by pores to the upper surface

(male gametophyte)

lifecycle of ferns

alteration of generations

fern prothallus

(gametophyte stage)

phylum pterophyta example