Medieval Study Guide 3 (Crusades)

Crusades

A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.

Holy Land

Jerusalem and parts of the surrounding area where Jesus lived and taught

First Crusade

1099 CE, Jerusalem fell to the Christian crusaders; the only successful crusade for Europeans.

Second Crusade

a Crusade from 1145 to 1147 that failed because of internal disagreements among the crusaders and (led to the loss of Jerusalem in 1187).

Third Crusade

(1189 - 1192) Crusade led by King Richard the Lionhearted to recapture the city of Jerusalem from Islamic forces led by Saladin; failed in attempt.

Fourth Crusade

A Crusade from 1202 to 1204 that was diverted into a battle for Constantinople and failed to recapture Jerusalem causing damage to Byzantine Empire.

Children's Crusade

short-lived failed crusade in 1212 by young people from Europe who intended to march and regain the Holy Land for Christianity. Many of the children were sold into slavery after realizing they would never gain passage to the Holy Land.

Pope Urban II

Leader of the Roman Catholic Church who asked European Christians to take up arms against Muslims, starting the Crusades.

Saladin

(1137-1193) Powerful Muslim ruler during Third Crusade, defeated Christians and retook Jerusalem. Earned the respect of his enemie

King Richard I

King of England, he led Christian soldiers in the Third Crusade. He earned the respect of his enemies as well as Christian soldiers for his bravery and his fairness.