Metabolism and Nutritioin

Flashcards on Metabolism and Nutrition

C6H12O6

Simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6.

ADP

Adenosine Diphosphate; involved in energy transfer.

ATP

Adenosine Triphosphate; the main energy currency of the cell.

Glycogenesis

Producing glycogen from glucose.

Glycogenolysis

Stored glycogen is broken down into glucose and released into the blood to be transported to cells.

Gluconeogenesis

Forming new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources like fat or protein.

Hepatocyte

Liver cell.

Triglycerides

One subgroup of lipids called fats.

Lipogenesis

Fat synthesis.

Lipolysis

Oxidation (catabolism) of lipids to yield glucose (which then yields ATP).

Beta oxidation

Fatty acid-> Acetyl-CoA +[H2] + 2shorter fatty acid.

Ketogenesis

Formation of ketoacids (ketone bodies).

Transamination

Transfer of an amino group (NH2) to pyruvic acid or another acid in the Krebs cycle to form an amino acid.

Deamination

Removal of an amino group leaving the carbons of a carboxylic acid to be used to make ATP.

Essential amino acids

Amino acids that can’t be synthesized by the body.

Non-essential amino acids

Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body.

Absorptive state

Ingested nutrients are entering the blood stream from the digestive tract.

Postabsorptive state

Energy needs must be met by fuels in the body.

Evaporation

Converting a liquid to a gas (sweat, moisture from respiratory tract).

Conduction

Materials in contact with the body.

Convection

Gas or liquid flows over an object.

Thermal radiation

Electromagnetic radiation (infrared, and encompassing visible light) between two bodies not in contact.

Hypothalamic Thermostat

The control center that functions as the body’s thermostat is a group of neurons in the anterior part (preoptic area) of the Hypothalamus.

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Measured with the body in a quiet, fasting condition.