Creation of the supreme court - the before and after the Constitutional Reform Act 2005

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/7

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

8 Terms

1
New cards

Purpose, impact and features of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005

  • Improve and guarantee independence of the UK judiciary

  • Before CRA 2005

    • Claim that senior UK judges were independent of political influence but there was mixed evidence as to if it was truly upheld

  • After CRA 2005

    • Removal of doubts surrounding judicial independence

    • Independence of judiciary and SC codified in law

      • President had to guarantee and maintain this independence from political and public pressure

  • Feature:

    • Establishment of Supreme Court (became active in 2009)

2
New cards

State of the judiciary before the CRA - structure

  • 12 Law Lords/Lords of Appeal in Ordinary

    • Members of the HoL

    • Expected to be neutral cross-benchers but were free to take part in the HoL

    • Up to 5 sat on each case

  • Head of Law Lords - Lord Chancellor (all male pre-2016)

3
New cards

State of the judiciary before the CRA - role of the Lord Chancellor

  • Had 3 roles:

    • Speaker (chair) of HoL (member of legislature)

    • Cabinet minister for the direction and management of the UK legal system (member of executive)

      • Advised the govt on legal policy

      • Appointed senior judges

      • Decided which Law Lords would hear each appeal case

    • Head of judiciary as the most senior judge in the UK (member of the judiciary)

  • Was a member of all 3 branches of govt

4
New cards

State of the judiciary after the CRA - role of Lord Chancellor

  • Lord Chancellor no longer the head of the UK judiciary

    • Still exists as a role- was combined with the Justice Secretary (cabinet position)

    • No longer active member of the judiciary

    • Ceased to be the speaker of, or sit in the HoL

  • Lord Chief Justice/President of the Courts of England and Wales now head of UK judiciary

    • Non-political senior judge

5
New cards

State of the judiciary after the CRA - creation and composition of the SC

  • SC created

  • Composed of 12 senior judges called the Justices of the SC

    • Have to retire at 75

    • 11 sit at any one time to ensure a majority

  • Head known as the President of the SC

    • Lord Reed, Lady Hale

    • Deputies: Deputy President Lord Hodge

6
New cards

State of the judiciary after the CRA - process of filling a vacancy

  • Selection commission established- proposes a candidate to the Lord Chancellor

    • Consisted of senior law officers from across the UK

7
New cards

State of the judiciary after the CRA - security of tenure and dismissal of a Supreme Court justice

  • SC justice can only be removed by a vote in BOTH houses

    • Not for their decisions, but for misconduct

  • Judges unable to be removed on grounds of decisions they made

    • Can only be removed due to corruption or personal conduct incompatible with being a judge

  • Salary of judges guaranteed to ensure security of tenure and salary

    • Removal of fear of political pressure or influence

8
New cards

Maintenance of independence of judiciary - rule of subjudice

  • Contempt of court for any servant of the govt to attempt to interfere with the result of a court or comment on a case in public or plmt

  • Example:

    • Starmer discussing the supreme court case regarding Palestinian’s right to live in the UK due to laws put in place to protect Ukrainians in PMQs