1/7
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
Purpose, impact and features of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005
Improve and guarantee independence of the UK judiciary
Before CRA 2005
Claim that senior UK judges were independent of political influence but there was mixed evidence as to if it was truly upheld
After CRA 2005
Removal of doubts surrounding judicial independence
Independence of judiciary and SC codified in law
President had to guarantee and maintain this independence from political and public pressure
Feature:
Establishment of Supreme Court (became active in 2009)
State of the judiciary before the CRA - structure
12 Law Lords/Lords of Appeal in Ordinary
Members of the HoL
Expected to be neutral cross-benchers but were free to take part in the HoL
Up to 5 sat on each case
Head of Law Lords - Lord Chancellor (all male pre-2016)
State of the judiciary before the CRA - role of the Lord Chancellor
Had 3 roles:
Speaker (chair) of HoL (member of legislature)
Cabinet minister for the direction and management of the UK legal system (member of executive)
Advised the govt on legal policy
Appointed senior judges
Decided which Law Lords would hear each appeal case
Head of judiciary as the most senior judge in the UK (member of the judiciary)
Was a member of all 3 branches of govt
State of the judiciary after the CRA - role of Lord Chancellor
Lord Chancellor no longer the head of the UK judiciary
Still exists as a role- was combined with the Justice Secretary (cabinet position)
No longer active member of the judiciary
Ceased to be the speaker of, or sit in the HoL
Lord Chief Justice/President of the Courts of England and Wales now head of UK judiciary
Non-political senior judge
State of the judiciary after the CRA - creation and composition of the SC
SC created
Composed of 12 senior judges called the Justices of the SC
Have to retire at 75
11 sit at any one time to ensure a majority
Head known as the President of the SC
Lord Reed, Lady Hale
Deputies: Deputy President Lord Hodge
State of the judiciary after the CRA - process of filling a vacancy
Selection commission established- proposes a candidate to the Lord Chancellor
Consisted of senior law officers from across the UK
State of the judiciary after the CRA - security of tenure and dismissal of a Supreme Court justice
SC justice can only be removed by a vote in BOTH houses
Not for their decisions, but for misconduct
Judges unable to be removed on grounds of decisions they made
Can only be removed due to corruption or personal conduct incompatible with being a judge
Salary of judges guaranteed to ensure security of tenure and salary
Removal of fear of political pressure or influence
Maintenance of independence of judiciary - rule of subjudice
Contempt of court for any servant of the govt to attempt to interfere with the result of a court or comment on a case in public or plmt
Example:
Starmer discussing the supreme court case regarding Palestinian’s right to live in the UK due to laws put in place to protect Ukrainians in PMQs