Kevin Kaleraj - STUDY GUIDE Honors - Semester 2 Final 24

DNA Function

DNA carries genetic information and instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all organisms.

DNA Nucleotide Parts:

undefined

undefined

undefined

Four Bases Differences:

undefined

undefined

undefined

undefined

Protein Synthesis in 3 Words

DNA → RNA → Protein

DNA/RNA Venn Diagram:

undefined

DNA (deoxyribose, ATCG), RNA (ribose, AUCG)

undefined

DNA (nucleus), RNA (nucleus and cytoplasm)

undefined

DNA (stores genetic info), RNA (transfers genetic info)

Transcription Summary

DNA is transcribed into RNA by RNA polymerase in the nucleus.

Translation Summary

mRNA is decoded by ribosomes to build a specific protein in the cytoplasm.

Cell Cycle Stages:

undefined

Cell growth and DNA replication

undefined

Chromosomes condense

undefined

Chromosomes align in the middle

undefined

Chromatids separate

undefined

Chromosomes decondense

undefined

Cell divides into two daughter cells

Reasons for Cell Division:

undefined

undefined

undefined

Go Phase

Resting phase outside the cell cycle.

Mutation Definition

Changes in DNA sequence leading to genetic variations.

Checkpoints in Cancer Prevention

Control points in the cell cycle to monitor and repair DNA damage, preventing uncontrolled cell division.

Homologous Chromosomes and Ploidy

Homologous pairs determine the diploid or haploid state of an organism.

Meiosis vs

undefined

undefined

Genetic Terms:

undefined

Different forms of a gene

undefined

Characteristics determined by genes

undefined

Unit of heredity

undefined

Genetic makeup

undefined

Observable traits

undefined

Expressed allele

undefined

Masked allele

undefined

Same alleles

undefined

Different alleles

Punnett Square

Cross two heterozygous tall pea plants (Tt x Tt).

undefined

undefined

Dihybrid Cross

Determine genotypes and gametes for ear shape and nose length traits.

Inheritance Types

Complete the table for different traits and their inheritance patterns.

Evolution Mechanism

Natural selection leads to the survival of the fittest and adaptation of species to their environment.

Evolution Evidence:

undefined

undefined

undefined

Evolutionary Structures:

undefined

Similar structures due to common ancestry

undefined

Similar functions but different origins

undefined

Structures with reduced or no function

Evolution Types:

undefined

Species evolve from a common ancestor into different forms

undefined

Unrelated species develop similar traits due to similar environments

Selection Types:

undefined

Favors one extreme phenotype

undefined

Favors both extreme phenotypes

undefined

Favors intermediate phenotype