psychology chapter 1

Psychology

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

physiological

having to do with an organism's physical processes

cognitive

having to do with an organism's thinking and understanding

Hypothesis

an assumption or prediction about behavior that is tested through scientific research

Theory

a set of assumptions used to explain a phenomena and offered for scientific study.

basic science

the pursuit of knowledge about natural phenomena for its own sake

applied science

discovering ways to use scientific findings to accomplish practical goals

Scientific Method

a general approach to gathering information and answering questions so that errors and biases are minimized

Structuralist

a psychologist who studied the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences.

Introspection

A method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings

Functionalist

a psychologist who studied the function (rather than the structure) of consciousness

Psychoanalyst

a psychologist who studies how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior

behaviorist

a psychologist who analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment

humanist

a psychologist who believes that each person has freedom in directing his or her future and achieving personal growth

Psychobiologist

a psychologist who studies how physical and chemical changes in our bodies influence our behavior

psychologist

A scientist who studies the mind and behavior of humans and animals

psychiatry

a branch of medicine that deals with mental disturbances

clinical psychologist

a psychologist who diagnoses and treats people with emotional disturbances

counseling psychologist

a psychologist who usually helps people deal with problems of living

developmental psychologist

a psychologist who studies the emotional, cognitive, biological, personal, and social changes that occur as an individual matures

educational psychologist

a psychologist who is concerned with helping students learn

community psychologist

a psychologist who may work in a mental health or social welfare agency

industrial/organizational psychologist

a psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers