Chapter 10 test

Define convection currents

Circulation of liquids or gases due to uneven heating

List the four ways cloud formation can occur.

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Raging Otters Fight Weasels

1. Rising convection currents

2. Orographic lifting

3. Frontal Wedging

4. wind convergence

All precipitation of liquid water is called _______________

rain

Define drizzle

Very light rain Small droplets of rain falling slowly.

Define Freezing Rain

Supercooled water that falls as rain and then freezes on the surface it contacts.

Define Ice Storm

A freezing rainstorm

Name 3 types of solid precipitation

Snow, Sleet, Hail

Describe how snow forms

Water vapor freezes directly into a solid.

What is sleet?

Sleet is liquid water that freezes before it hits the ground. It looks like small pellets of ice.

What is hail?

Hail is frozen precipitation that falls from thunderstorms.

This storm produces thunder and lightning.

Thunderstorms

This storm can produce gusty winds, heavy rain, and sometimes hail.

Thunderstorms

These storms occur in the winter and produce frozen precipitation.

Winter Storms

These storms are not officially named, but are often named on the Weather Channel.

Winter Storms

This is a violent rotating column of air that extends from a thunderstorm to the ground.

Tornado

The largest of these can produce winds of up to 300 mph.

Tornado

A large rotating storm with high speed winds that forms over warm waters.

Hurricane

These storms are also called a cyclone or typhoon.

Hurricane

These storms are officially named alphabetically each year by NOAA

Hurricane

What is NOAA?

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Precipitation

Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface.

coalesce

to come together

Define orographic lifting

Movement and lifting of warm air over mountains

Define Frontal wedging

a warm air mass lifted by a denser cold air mass

Define wind convergence

collision of horizontal air currents

Stratus Clouds

clouds that form in flat layers

Alto

Middle

Strato

layer

cloud

a mass of water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air

adiabatic cooling

the cooling effect of reduced pressure on air as it rises higher in the atmosphere and expands

condensation nuclei

Microscopic particles on which water vapor condenses to form cloud droplets.

freezing nuclei

solid particles that serve as cores for the formation of ice crystals

supercooled water

Liquid water below freezing point

Cumulus Clouds

clouds that look like fluffy, rounded piles of cotton

Cirrus Clouds

wispy, feathery clouds

low level clouds

stratus, stratocumulus, nimbostratus

middle level clouds

altostratus, altocumulus

high level clouds

cirrus, cirrocumulus, cirrostratus

vertically developed clouds

cumulus, cumulonimbus

fog

A cloud at ground level.

drizzle

very light rain

nimbus clouds

rain clouds

What type of cloud causes heavy rain, snow, or hail?

Cumulonimbus

Cirro

Curls

A change of state directly from the solid to the gaseous state without first becoming a liquid.

Sublimation

A change of state directly from a gas to a solid without first becoming a liquid.

Deposition

The change of a gaseous vapor into the liquid state as the result of decreasing temperature.

Condensation

The process of vaporization when a liquid below its boiling point becomes a gas

Evaporation

The temperature where water vapor condenses into liquid water.

Define dew point

A thin film of water that has condensed on the surface of objects near the ground.

Define Dew

water vapor; evaporation

Most water in our atmosphere enters as ____________________ _______________________ by ______________________.

solid, liquid, gas

List the three states of matter

The change of state from solid to liquid by the application of heat.

Melting

The change from the liquid state to the solid state by lowering a liquid's temperature.

Freezing

Evaporation and Boiling

What are the two types of vaporization that can occur in liquids?

boiling

When a liquid reaches its boiling point and becomes a gas, the vaporization is called__________________.

evaporation

When a liquid is below its boiling point and becomes a gas, the vaporization is called _________________________.

constant motion

Water molecules are in _________________________ ________________________ in all three states of matter.

Wind **increases** the **rate** of evaporation by blowing away the **molecules** of **water** that have **escaped** into the **air.**

How does wind affect the speed of evaporation?

humidity

The amount of water vapor in the air

clouds

When water is a liquid or solid suspended in our atmosphere, it appears as ________________________.

Temperature

What affects how much water vapor the atmosphere can hold?

A thin film of water that has condensed and frozen on the surface of objects near the ground.

Define Frost