Apush 1156-1190

Watts

August, 1965, the riot began due to the arrest of a Black by a White and resulted in 34 dead, 800 injured, 3500 arrested and $140,000,000 in damages

Second Detroit Race Riots

July, 1967, the army was called in to restore order in race riots that resulted in 43 dead and $200,000,000 in damages.

Kerner Commission on Civil Disorders

In 1968, this commission, chaired by Otto Kerner, decided that the race riots were due to the formation of two different American cultures: inner-city Blacks and suburban Whites.

De Facto, De Jure segregation

De Facto means "it is that way because it just is," and De Jure means that there are rules and laws behind it. In 1965, President Johnson said that getting rid of De Jure segregation was not enough.

Panama Canal treaties

Passed by President Carter, these called for the gradual return of the Panama Canal to the people and government of Panama. They provided for the transfer of canal ownership to Panama in 1999 and guaranteed its neutrality.

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)

Formed in 1962 in Port Huron, Michigan, SDS condemned anti-Democratic tendencies of large corporations, racism and poverty, and called for a participatory Democracy.

"Flower Children"

Hippies who were unified by their rejection of traditional values and assumptions of Western society.

Charles Reich, The Greening of America

Written in 1970, it predicted a coming revolution with no violence. It offers an interpretation of how the U.S. went wrong and predicts a rebirth of human values through a "new" generation.

Great Society

Platform for LBJ's campaign, it stressed the 5 P's: Peace, Prosperity, anti-Poverty, Prudence and Progress

Office of Economic Opportunity

Part of the war on poverty, it was headed by R. Sargent Shiver, and was ineffective due to the complexity of the problem. It provided Job Corps, loans, training, VISTA, and educational programs

War on Poverty

Johnson figured that since the Gross National Profit had risen, the country had lots of extra money "just lying around," so he'd use it to fight poverty. It started many small programs, Medicare, Head Start, and reorganized immigration to eliminate national origin quotas. It was put on hold during the Vietnam War.

Elementary and Secondary Act

Provided federal funding for primary and secondary education and was meant to improve the education of poor people. This was the first federal program to fund education. Prior to this all education was funded by the states.

Medicare

Enacted in 1965 - provided, under Social Security, for federal subsidies to pay for the hospitalization of sick people age 65 and over.

Abolition of immigration quotas

Amendments to Immigration and Nationality Act abolished national origin quotas and instead, based immigration on work skills needed for US economy and need for political asylum.

Department of Housing and Urban Development

Created by Congress in 1965, it was 11th in cabinet office. Afro-American economist Dr. Robert C. Weaver was named head, and the department regulated and monitored housing and suburban development. It also provided rent supplements for low-income families.

John Birch Society

Right-wing group named for an American missionary to China who had been executed by Communist troops. They opposed the liberal tendencies of the Great Society programs, and attempted to impeach Earl Warren for his liberal, "Communist" actions in the Supreme Court.

New Left

Coalition of younger members of the Democratic party and radical student groups. Believed in participatory democracy, free speech, civil rights and racial brotherhood, and opposed the war in Vietnam.

Senator Robert F. Kennedy

Attorney General under his brother, JFK, he was assassinated in June 1968 while campaigning for the Democratic Party nomination.

Czechoslovakia invaded

August, 1968 - With national media coverage, thousands of anti-war protestors, Blacks and Democratic supporters were clubbed by Major Daley's police.

Richard Nixon's "Southern Strategy"

His political strategy of "courting" the South and bad-mouthing those Northerners who badmouthed the South. He chose Spiro Agnew, the Governor of Maryland, as his running mate to get the Southern vote.

Governor George Wallace of Alabama

Ran as the American Independent Party candidate in the presidential election. A rightwing racist, he appealed to the people's fear of big government and made a good showing.

Neil Armstrong

July 20, 1969 - Armstrong becomes the first man to walk on the moon, beating the Communists in the moon race and fulfilling Kennedy's goal. Cost $24 billion.

Betty Freiden, The Feminine Mystique

1963 - Depicted how difficult a woman's life is because she doesn't think about herself, only her family. It said that middle-class society stifled women and didn't let them use their talents. Attacked the "cult of domesticity."

National Organization for Women (NOW)

Inspired by Betty Freidan, a reform organization that battled for equal rights with men by lobbying and testing laws in court. NOW wanted equal employment opportunities, equal pay, ERA, divorce law changes, and legalized abortion.

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

Proposed the 27th Amendment, calling for equal rights for both sexes. Defeated in the House in 1972.

Ralph Nader, Unsafe at Any Speed

1965 - Nader said that poor design and construction of automobiles were the major causes of highway deaths. He upset Congress by asking for legislation regulating car design and creation of national auto safety board, NATSA.

Nixon, "New Federalism"

Slogan which meant returning power to the states, reversing the flow of power and resources from states and communities to Washington, and start power and resources flowing back to people all over America. Involved a 5-year plan to distribute $30 billion of federal revenues to states.

Spiro T. Agnew

October, 1973 - Nixon's vice-president resigned and pleaded "no contest" to charges of tax evasion on payments made to him when he was governor of Maryland. He was replaced by Gerald R. Ford.

"Revenue Sharing"

1972 - A Nixon program that returned federal funds to the states to use as they saw fit.

Wage and Price Controls

1971 - To curb inflation, President Nixon froze prices, wages, and revenues for 90 days.

Nixon versus Congress

January, 1973 - Republican Party operatives who had broken into the Democratic Party facility at the Watergate Hotel convicted of burglary. Investigation of possible White House involvement disclosed existence of Nixon's tapes of meetings, but the President refused to turn over the tapes to Congress. Opposition to Nixon created unity in Congress that allowed passage of legislation Nixon had opposed.

Watergate

June 17, 1972 - five men arrested for breaking into the Democratic National Committee's executive quarters in the Watergate Hotel. Two White House aides were indicted; they quit, Senate hearing began in May, 1973, Nixon admitted to complicity in the burglary. In July, 1974, Nixon's impeachment began, so he resign with a disbarment.

Committee for the Reelection of the President (CREEP)

This committee was stablished in 1971 to help Nixon get reelected and was involved in illegal activities such as the Watergate break-in.

White House "Plumbers"

Name given to the special investigations committee established along with CREEP in 1971. Its job was to stop the leaking of confidential information to the public and press

Sunbelt versus Frostbelt

A trend wherein people moved from the northern and eastern states to the south and southwest region from Virginia to California