The Renaissance and Scientific Revolution + World Econoomic and Political Systems

World History

The Magna Carta

-The Magna Carta was the first document forced upon a king by his subjects which limited his powers under the law. 

-It was issued to King John of England in 1215, during a period of weakness of the king

-Prior to this, they had the Divine Right of Kings - I am the King because God made me King, so I have the right to rule you.

-People of England decided they needed a representative government.

-It has heavily influenced modern concepts of government and forms a great deal of the foundation of the Bill of Rights (inherent rights of life, liberty, property, due process of law)

-The Magna Carta was also influential on Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke. 

Capitalism

is a laissez faire (non-interference) system in which the government has minimal involvement in the economy, with the idea that the economy will regulate itself based on competition and the laws of supply and demand. 

Socialism

a system in which the government owns or controls certain major economic sectors, for example the government running the railroads. People can vote, but the govt runs some sectors

Communism

 a system in which the government owns nearly all productive resources, very controlling, controlling people and economics

Fascism

combines a dictatorship with private ownership of property (a dictator and/or group of people with majority of control). 

like Hitler with Germany in WWII

What was the European Renaissance?

-The European Renaissance was a cultural movement spanning from roughly the 14th-17th century.

-Renaissance means rebirth.

What was the Renaissance characterized by? Who were some major artists of the period?

-It was characterized by a rebirth of interest in the Classical era (greek and roman sculptures), which was particularly evident in the art of the period.

-Artists of the period included Michelangelo (Naked David), da Vinci (Monalisa), and Masaccio (making artwork more realistic)

Humanism

The philosophy of humanism (value of the individual over the group; emphasis on personal learning and being intellectual; no longer just judgement of people depending on what group they were born into) became widespread during this period.

What was the Scientific Revolution? Who were major scientists of the era?

-The Scientific Revolution marked great advances in science, including the birth of the Scientific Method. Scientists of this era included Copernicus (came up with heliocentrism, that the sun was the center of the universe, not the earth) and Galileo (father of modern science and experiments). 

1543-1687

Who were renowned writers during the Scientific Revolution?

 Shakespeare (English), Cervantes (Spanish) and Machiavelli (Italian)

Who were the renowned explorers during this period?

The Renaissance was also an age of exploration with explorers such as Columbus, da Gama (first to sail from Africa to India), and Magellan (first person to circumnavigate the world). 

Protestant Revolution

1517-1648

Many changes and conflicts took place in the church, including the Protestant Revolution - led by Martin Luther and John Calvin. Seeking to reform the corrupt Catholic Church. Denominations split off of Protestantism.

Who were the Jesuits?

-There was also a Catholic Counter Reformation that was able to reclaim some parts of Europe from the Protestants, most notably the Jesuits.