Aquatic Entomology Exam 2 Terms

coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM)

leaves, wood, big organic matter

fine particular organic matter (FPOM)

broken down leaves, wood; smaller organic matter

river continuum concept

conceptual mode proposes relationship between stream size, progressive shift in structure and functional attributes

1st-3rd order streams

periphyton-biofilm-algae

CPOM

functional feeding groups

group of organisms that feed on same kinds of resources in the generally same way.

shredders

very important in small streams, strong mandibles, break up leaves and wood (CPOM) including; stoneflies, beetles, flies

collectors

gather small bits of organic matter; like gravel, sand) — collect from shredders, everywhere

filter feeders

often grouped with collectors but collect from water directly than substrate.

seston

organic particles suspended

scrapers/grazers

scrape layer of periphyton off rocks and vegetation,— caddisflies

predators

in small streams— stoneflies (early installs often scavengers and detritivores)

4th-6th order streams

vascular plants, periphyton, FPOM, shredders

periphyton

algae/biofilm

7th-12th order streams

phytoplankton, FPOM, biofilms/periphyton, collectors+filter feeders

lotic

flowing water — streams

lentic

“static” water- not much flow; lakes

hydropeaking

dams letting out water for energy usage

riffle

fast flowing water, turbulent, typically flowing on rocks

pool

not considered lentic, but much slower and deeper

run

very shallow, deep but fast

benthic zone

silt, rocks, organic matter at bottom, biotic

• mayflies

ribbon system

branching system from top to bottom (hierarchical)

littoral zone

rooted growth at edges of lake, biotic

• dragonfly nymphs

limnetic zone

zone where light penetrates, biotic

• phantom midges

profundal zone

where sunlight doesn’t reach, biotic

• phantom midges

epilimnion

warm water above thermocline

• 22C

hypolimnion

cold water below thermocline

• 4C

thermocline

short space in water column that has a rapid change in temperature

surber sampler

pros:

• quantitative

• relatively easy to do

• lots of data to compare to

cons

• semi-quantitative (some taxa lost outside)

• only works in shallow areas

• very expensive

lotic,benthic

kick net / D-net

Pros

• good for qualitative sample

• collecting

• cheap

cons

• not quantitative

lotic,benthic

drift net

pros

• quantitative - and measure water flow

cons

• really expensive

lotic, water column

elkman grab

pros

• sample at variable depth

• reasonably quantitative

cons

• can sink to different depths

• lose sample as it is pulled back up to the surface

lentic, benthic

van dorn bottle

vertical water sampler, expensive

lentic, water column

emergence trap

set at the top of a stream— needs to be anchored down— and catches emerging insects

eDNA

environmental DNA

eDNA and metabarcoding

pros

• complete sampling

• don’t have to process samples

cons

• not comparable

• not very quantitative

• need an encyclopedic library

• money, lab skills, coding skills

systematics

study of evolutionary relationships among organisms

clade

a shared common ancestor and includes all of its descendants