Studied by 3 people
Michael Harrington
Author who wrote The Other American; he alerted those in the mainstream to what he saw in the run-down and hidden communities of the country
War On Poverty
President Lyndon B. Johnson's program in the 1960's to provide greater social services for the poor and elderly
Civil Rights Act (1964)
Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
Gulf Of Tonkin Resolution
1964 Congressional resolution authorizing President Johnson to take military action in Vietnam
Great Society
President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society; in 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
1965 - Provided federal funding for primary and secondary education and was meant to improve the education of poor people. This was the first federal program to fund education.
Medicare
A federal program of health insurance for persons 65 years of age and older
Medicaid
A federal and state assistance program that pays for health care services for people who cannot afford them.
Rachel Carson
United States biologist remembered for her opposition to the use of pesticides that were hazardous to wildlife
Clean Water Act
(CWA, 1972) set maximum permissible amounts of water pollutants that can be discharged into waterways; aims to make surface waters swimmable and fishable
Ralph Nader
A leftist American politician who promotes the environment, fair consumerism, and social welfare programs; his book Unsafe at Any Speed brought attention to the lack of safety in American automobiles
Immigration And Nationality Act (1965)
Law that changed the national quota system to limits of 170,000 immigrants per year from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120,000 per year from the Western Hemisphere
Freedom Rides
A series of political protests against segregation by Blacks and Whites who rode buses together through the American South in 1961
James Meredith
He was a civil rights advocate who spurred a riot at the University of Mississippi. The riot was caused by angry whites who did not want Meredith to register at the university. The result was forced government action, showing that segregation was no longer government policy.
Birmingham Protests (1963)
Campaign led by MLK against discrimination in Birmingham, AL most segregated city in America; peaceful marchers were attacked by attack dogs, cattle prods, high-pressure water hoses
March On Washington (1963)
250,000 people for a peaceful demonstration to promote Civil Rights and economic equality for African Americans; I have a dream speech was given here by Martin Luther King jr.
Swann vs. Charlotte Mecklenburg
Case in which the Supreme Court agreed with a lower court decision that voluntary integration was not working and that public schools could integrate through bussing
Redlining
A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries.
Fair Housing Act
The federal law that prohibits discrimination in housing based on race, color, religion, sex, handicap, familial status, and national origin
Medgar Evans
Head of NAACP in Mississippi who was shot and killed in front of his home in 1963 by a white supremacist
Freedom Summer
A project where blacks and white went to the south to try and help people vote; celebrities went too; ended up being bloody and they faced a lot of resistence
Selma Marches
A series of three marches organized from Selma to Montgomery; the first two were aborted when marchers came under violence from State Troopers, though the third march, which was federally protected, succeeded
Voting Rights Act (1965)
A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage
Heart Of Atlanta Motel vs. US
(1964) Congress has the right to prohibit racial discrimination in places of public accommodation through the Commerce Clause because the interstate because the interstate movement of people is "commerce"; even if the public accommodation is of a purely "local" character, Congress' power to regulate interstate commerce extends to local incidents thereof which might have a substantial and harmful effect on the commerce
Mapp Vs. Ohio
Incorporated a portion of the 4th Amendment by establishing that illegally obtained evidence cannot be used at trial, forbids unreasonable search and seizures.
Gideon vs. Wainwright
Guaranteed the right to an attorney
Miranda vs. Arizona
The accused must be notified of their rights before being questioned by the police. The reason why there is now "miranda rights."
Engel vs. Vitale
Case that said organized prayer is unconstitutional in school
Napalm
Highly flammable chemical dropped from US planes in firebombing attacks during the Vietnam War.
Agent Orange
a toxic leaf-killing chemical sprayed by U.S. planes in Vietnam to expose Vietcong hideouts
My Lai Massacre
1968, in which American troops had brutally massacred innocent women and children in the village of My Lai, also led to more opposition to the war
Tet Offensive
a massive surprise attack by the Vietcong on South Vietnamese towns and cities in early 1968
Malcolm X
Black Muslim who argued for separation, not integration; he changed his views, but was assassinated in 1965
Stokely Carmichael
A black civil rights activist in the 1960's; leader of the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee; he did a lot of work with Martin Luther King Jr. but later changed his attitude; urged giving up peaceful demonstrations and pursuing black power; he was known for saying,"black power will smash everything Western civilization has created."
Black Panther Party
A group formed in 1966, inspired by the idea of Black Power, that provided aid to black neighborhoods; often thought of as radical or violent
"Long, Hot Summers"
An incident of police brutality in Los Angeles leads to a ton of huge protests; military comes in to restore order; this starts dozens of race riots over three years
Betty Friedan
1921-2006. American feminist, activist and writer; best known for starting the "Second Wave" of feminism through the writing of her book "The Feminine Mystique"
NOW
National Organization of Women, 1966, Betty Friedan first president, wanted Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforce its legal mandate to end sex discrimination
Equal Rights Act (ERA)
Constituional Amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law. Facing fierce opposition from the New Right and the Republican Party, the ERA was defeated as time ran out of state ratification in 1982.
Gloria Steinem
An American feminist, journalist, and social and political activist who became nationally recognized as a leader of, and media spokeswoman for, the women's liberation movement in the late 1960s and 1970s; started Ms. Magazine; uncovered how bad Playboy Restaurants were
Title IX
A law that bans gender discrimination in schools that receive federal funds
Roe vs. Wade
The U.S. supreme Court ruled that there is a fundamental right to privacy, which includes a woman's decision to have an abortion; up until the third trimester the state allows abortion
Cesar Chavez
1927-1993. Farm worker, labor leader, and civil-rights activist who helped form the National Farm Workers Association, later the United Farm Workers; created the grade boycott the help migrants gain workers rights
Grape Boycott 1965
Boycott of grapes without a union label started by Cesar Chavez and the UFW in 1965 to increase pressure on California growers against whom UFW members were striking. Began the five year struggle for a living wage called La Causa.
AIM
American Indian Movement. demanded greater rights for Native Americans, use violence to make its point
Dennis Banks
Native American leader in 1960s and 1970s; helped organize American Indian Movemnent
SDS
Students for a Democratic Society; an anti-establishment New Left group, founded in 1960, this group charged that corporations and large government institutions had taken over America; they called for a restoration of "participatory democracy" and greater individual freedom
Hippies
Believed in anti-materalism, free use of drugs, they had a casual attitude toward sex and anti-conformity, (1960s) practiced free love and took drugs, flocked to San Francisco- low rent/interracial, they lived in communal "crash pads", smoked marijuana and took LSD, sexual revolution, new counter culture, Protestors who influenced US involvement in Vietnam
Yippies
the Youth International Party, a political party formed in 1967, which called for the establishment of a New Nation consisting of cooperative institutions that would replace those currently in existence
Woodstock
A free music festival that attracted more than 400,000 young people to a farm in upstate New York in August 1969
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that the Constitution implicitly guarantees citizens' right to privacy.
Stonewall Riots (1969)
Violent clashes between police and gay patrons of New York City's Stonewall Inn, seen as the starting point of the modern gay rights movement
Cuyahoga River Fire
A fire, in Ohio, that occurred 1969 that helped create support for the Clean Water Act.
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency; an independent federal agency established to coordinate programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment
Clean Air Act of 1970
The law aimed at combating air pollution, by charging the EPA with protecting and improving the quality of the nation's air.
Hard Hat Riot
200 construction workers attacked 1000 high school and college students and others protesting the Kent State Shootings, American invasion of Cambodia, and the Vietnam War
March for Life
protest in Washington, D.C., that takes place every year on or near January 22, the anniversary of the Roe v. Wade decision; hundreds of thousands rally in hopes of seeing the case overturned
Phyllis Schlafly
Anti-feminist who led the campaign to defeat the ERA claiming it would undermine the american family
South Boston Busing Riots
The beginning of forced busing on September 12, 1974 was met with massive protests, particularly in South Boston, the city's main Irish-Catholic neighborhood
The Heritage Foundation
conservative american think tank in washington D.C to promote conservative public policies. based the principles of free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, traditional american values and a strong national defense.
Jerry Falwell
Leader of the Religious Right Fundamentalist Christians, a group that supported Reagan; rallying cry was "family values", anti-abortion, favored prayer in schools
Robert Kennedy
He was a Democrat who ran for president in 1968 promoting civil rights and other equality based ideals. He was ultimately assassinated in 1968, leaving Nixon to take the presidency but instilling hope in many Americans.
George Wallce
Canidate for presidnetal electon who tried to appeal to the fears and prejudices of blue collar workers around the country by lashing out a beurocrats, anarchists, writers, professorts, ect.; big racist
Democratic Convention (1968)
1968, In Chicago in 1968; where Democratic delegates gathered to nominate Vice-president Hubert Humphrey; it was very split and there were lots of violent protests
Richard Nixon (1969-1974)
The 37th President of the United States; ended American involvement in the war in Vietnam in 1973 and brought the American POWs home, and ended the military draft. Nixon's visit to China in 1972 eventually led to diplomatic relations between the two nations, and he initiated détente and the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union the same year.
"Law And Order"
Nixon promised during the 1968 campaign that he would restore this; the promise appealed many voters disgusted with radical protest movements of the 1960s
New Right Coalition
opposite of the "New Left" of the 1960s....wanted LESS government involvement in economic affairs and lives
Imperial Presidency
Term used to describe a president as an "emperor" who acts without consulting Congress or acts in secrecy to evade or deceive congress. Nixon lived this out in his presidency.
"New Federalism"
System in which the national government restores greater authority back to the states; Nixon tried to send America back to the 20s
Vietnamization
President Richard Nixons strategy for ending U.S involvement in the vietnam war, involving a gradual withdrawl of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces
Kent State Shooting
Incident in which National Guard troops fired at a group of students during an anti-Vietnam war protest at Kent State University in Ohio, killing four people
Pentagon Papers
A 7,000-page top-secret United States government report on the history of the internal planning and policy-making process within the government itself concerning the Vietnam War
NY Times v. US
First Amendment/Freedom of the Press - New York Times and Washington Post could print the Pentagon Papers without risk of government censorship or punishment
War Powers Act
A resolution of Congress that stated the President can only send troops into action abroad by authorization of Congress or if America is already under attack or serious threat
Detente
Relaxation of tensions between the United States and its two major Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China
Nixon visited China, 1972
Nixon, who was a leading anti-communist, was the 1st US president to visit China since its 1949 communist revolution. He took advantage of growing conflicts between China and the USSR over the "true" form communism, and drove a further wedge between them by improving US-China relations. "Only Nixon could go to China" has become a political metaphor that means the ability of a politician with an unassailable reputation among his supporters for defending their values to take actions that would draw their criticism if taken by someone without those credentials.
SALT
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty: negotiations between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics opened in 1969 in Helsinki designed to limit both countries' stock of nuclear weapons
Yom Kippur War (1973)
Frustrated by their losses in the Six-Days War, Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Israel during the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur on October 6, 1973. Israel counterattacked, won a decisive victory, and had even occupied portions of northern Egypt.
Energy Crisis
OPEC didn't like America helping Israel so they stopped sending America oil; created a…
Stagflation
A period of slow economic growth and high unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise (inflation)
Watergate Scandal
A break-in at the Democratic National Committee offices in the Watergate complex in Washington was carried out under the direction of White House employees. Disclosure of the White House involvement in the break-in and subsequent cover-up forced President Nixon to resign in 1974 to avoid impeachment
Bob Woodwar / Carl Bernstein
The two reporters who got anonymous information from a government official about water gate; they revealed all of the information
Helsinki Accords (1975)
Ratified the European territorial boundaries established after WWII
Established "Helsinki watch committees" to monitor human rights in the 35 nations that signed the Helsinki Accords
Marked the high point of Cold War detente
WIN
Win inflation now program; program to get rid of inflation and stagflation
"Outsiders"
Jimmy Carter calls himself an outsider because he's not a corrupt politician; makes himself look like a normal citizen
Three Mile Island
Nuclear Power Plant in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania which failed, causing radiation to be admitted in the air
Soviet Invasion Of Afghanistan
Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan to help the Afghan communist government crush anticommunist Muslim guerrillas; anti communist guerrillas received support from US and GB; USSR withdrew from Afghanistan
Camp David Accords
A peace treaty between Israel and Egypt where Egypt agreed to recognize the nation state of Israel
Iran Hostage Crisis
In November 1979, revolutionaries stormed the American embassy in Tehran and held 52 Americans hostage; the Carter administration tried unsuccessfully to negotiate for the hostages release; on January 20, 1981, the day Carter left office, Iran released the Americans, ending their 444 days in captivity
Election Of 1980
Ronald Reagan won over Jimmy Carter because of the Iranian hostage crisis and America's stagflation
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