Human Anatomy Quiz 14: Nervous Tissue

complex

The nervous system is one of the smallest, but most _______ body systems.

brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, spinal nerves

What is the nervous system made of?

base of brain

Where do the 12 pairs of the cranial nerves emerge from?

foramen magnum, skull, vertebrae

What does the spinal cord connect to the brain through? What is that located? What is it encircled by?

spinal cord, specific regions of body

Where do the spinal nerves emerge from? What do they serve?

sensory, integrative, motor

What are the three basic functions of the nervous system?

internal, external

What kind of stimuli is detected in sensory?

brain, spinal cord

Where are internal and external stimuli carried to? (2 places)

analyzing, storing, and responding to sensory info

What is the integrative function of the nervous system?

appropriate response, muscle contraction, gland secretion

What does motor function carry out? What are two examples?

effectors

Where is information from the brain or spinal cord carried to?

brain, spinal cord

Where is information to the effectors carried from?

central nervous system, peripheral nervous system

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

brain, spinal cord

What does the central nervous system consist of?

all nervous tissue outside of central nervous system

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

sensory, motor

What are the two divisions that the peripheral nervous system can further be divided into?

muscles, joints, and skin, organs, receptors for special senses

Where can the sensory division of the peripheral nervous system carry info from?

somatic sensory info

What is sensory info from muscles, joints, and skin also known as?

visceral sensory info

What is sensory info from organs also known as?

central nervous system

Where does all the sensory info from the peripheral nervous system flow INTO?

somatic information to skeletal muscles for voluntary movements, autonomic motor information to smooth muscles of organs, cardiac muscle and glands

What kind of info does the motor division of the peripheral nervous system carry? (2 things)

autonomic nervous system

What is the motor division responsible for giving information to smooth muscles of organs, cardiac muscles, and glands also known as?

central nervous system

Where does all the motor info to the peripheral nervous system flow FROM?

neuron

What is the functional unit of the nervous system?

electrical excitability, propagation of an electrical signal, action potential

What property does a neuron have? What does this allow for? What is this also known as?

no, yes

Are neurons all the same size? Do they have similar parts?

nucleus, cytoplasm, all other cellular organelles

What does a cell body contain?

receiving fibers of the neuron, yes

What are dendrites? Are there usually many of them?

propagate action potential, cell body, another neuron

What does an axon do? away from? toward?

singular

Is there usually singular or many axons?

place where the axon joins the cell body

What is an axon hillock?

fine projections, end of each axon

What are axon terminals? Where are they located?

axon terminal, synapse

Where can a neuron communicate with one another from? Through what?

gap between neurons

What is a synapse?

many membrane-enclosed sacs, synaptic vesicles, neurotransmitters

What does an axon terminal contain? What are they called? What do they store?

chemicals that help the electrical impulse cross the synaptic gap between neurons

What are neurotransmitters?

lipid and protein covering, myelin sheath

What are many axons surrounded by? What is it called?

electrically insulate an axon, speed conduction, aid in regeneration of injured neurons

What does a sheath do? (3 things)

support cell called a Schwann cell

What is the myelin produced by in the peripheral nervous system?

surround neuron cell bodies, regulate exchange of materials between cell bodies and interstitial fluid

What do satellite cells do? (2 things)

fluid found surrounding all cells

What is interstitial fluid?

nodes of Ranvier

What are the gaps in Schwann cells called?

neuroglia, no, divide and fill in areas of injury

In addition to neurons, what does half of the nervous system consist of? Do they propagate electrical impulses? What do they do?

those that have myelinated axons

Which areas of the nervous system appear white?

those of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons

Which areas of the nervous system appear gray?