Ancient Food and Wine Quiz 2

What is the divine diet in Greek mythology?

Nectar and Ambrosia

What does the word ‘myth’ derive from in Greek

Mythos meaning “story”

Which nymph nurtured Baby Zeus

Amaltheia

What festival was held on Feb. 15 to promote health and fertility in Rome?

Lupercalia

The foundation of Rome is traditionally said to have occurred in what year?

753 BCE

Nectar and ambrosia are only consumed by those with ichor in their veins

True

Athena was the patron goddess of Rome

False

Cronos swallowed his children, including Baby Zeus, to prevent them from overthrowing him

False (Zeus was hidden by Rhea)

The Panathenaic Festival in Athens was similar to the Olympics Games

True

In the myth of Persephone, her time spent in Hades explains the change of seasons.

True

Who was the goat who nurtured Baby Zeus

Amaltheia

What is the Greek word meaning ‘sprung from the land itself’?

Autochtonous

Which twin brothers are said to have founded Rome?

Romulus and Remus

Who are the brothers of the wolf that performed the Lupercalia rites?

Lupercia

Who was the mother of Romulus and Remus?

Rhea Silvia

Cornucopia

The ‘horn of plenty,’ a symbol of abundance

Nymph

A minor female nature deity in Greek mythology, often tied to specific natural elements and depicted as maidens.

Cannibalism

The practice of consuming the flesh of one's own species, documented in both ancient and modern times.

"A widely held but false belief of ideas"

Definition of "myth."

Depiction of Zeus being nurtured by Amaltheia.

Baby Zeus being fed by the goat Amaltheia in the Diktaeon Cave on Crete.

Image of a Cornucopia.

A horn-shaped container overflowing with fruits, flowers, and other abundance, symbolizing prosperity.

What part of the skeleton can help determine a person’s age, sex, and diet?

Cranium

What bone condition is caused by a Vitamin D deficiency?

Rickets

What disease affects all classes in ancient times?

Neonatal/Childhood diseases

What archaeological method is used to analyze seeds, pods, and other plant remains?

Palaeoethnobotany

The average male height in the Roman world was approximately 5 ft 9 in.

False (It was about 5 ft 6 in)

Enamel Hypoplasia is a condition caused by malnutrition and affects both men and women.

True

Osteoporosis is most commonly caused by calcium deficiency alone.

False (It is primarily caused by age, particularly after menopause)

Microwear patterns on teeth can preserve evidence of an individual’s last meal.

True

Name the fossilized remains of feces studied by archaeologists.

Coporlites

Define "Dental Calculus."

Hardened plaque on teeth that preserves proteins, starches, pollen, phytoliths, and DNA from food.

What is the term for the study of the ratios of stable isotopes in bones and tooth enamel?

Dietary stable isotope analysis

Describe how bones grow over time and the part involved in this process.

Bones grow through the epiphyses, which are areas where new bone tissue is added as a person matures.

What are Harris Lines, and what do they reveal?

Harris Lines are dense, opaque transverse lines on bones that indicate childhood nutritional deficiencies and periods of growth disruption.

"You are what you eat" refers to what archaeological technique?

Stable isotope analysis, which shows the types of food consumed by studying the chemical composition of bones and teeth.

Identify this individual preserved in bog conditions from the 4th century B.C.

Tollund Man

Name the skeletal issue commonly seen in vertebrae from falls or aging in ancient populations.

Compression fractures, sometimes resulting in a 'dowager's hump' from osteoporosis.

What does ‘three square meals a day’ reflect in Western society?

The American way of eating

In Ancient Greece, what was typically eaten for breakfast?

Bread soaked in wine

Which of the following contributed to the later timing of the main meal in modern societies?

Industrial Revolution changes in labor practices

When was the high point of women’s participation in the U.S. labor force, reaching 60%?

1999

In France, what does ‘le déjeuner’ currently refer to?

Lunch

The rise of restaurants came from the French term “restaurer,” which means “restore to a former state.”

True

In modern Greece, dining at 9 pm is considered late.

False

In Ancient Greece, deipnon was the morning meal

False (It was the evening meal)

During the 19th century Industrial Revolution, work and labor practices did not significantly impact mealtime structures.

False

Ideological Ideals vs. Actual Behavior

A set of ideas or attitudes, consciously or unconsciously held, that shape or reflect understandings of social and political systems, often creating a gap between ideals and real-life practices.

Capitalism

An economic and political system in which trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, often leading to social stratification and wealth inequalities.

Deipnon

The evening meal in Ancient Greece, typically eaten during twilight or later in the day.

“Meals make your day”

This quote reflects the significance of meal patterns and rituals in structuring daily routines and rhythms of food consumption.

Loukoumades (Greek Honey Donuts)

Traditional Greek dessert, small doughnut balls soaked in honey, often enjoyed alongside wine as part of dessert culture (tragemata).

Lunch Pails

A symbol of the working class, particularly during the 19th-century Industrial Revolution, as they carried meals for laborers working long hours.

What is a feast typically associated with?

An elaborate meal with entertainment

What was the purpose of diacritical feasts in ancient societies?

To demonstrate social differences and power

What ratio of water to wine was considered ideal in a Greek symposium?

3:1

A symposium in ancient Greece was a gathering for drinking and philosophical discussion.

True

Women and children were freely allowed to drink at symposia.

False

Roman banquets (convivia) always involved reclining while eating, just like Greek symposia.

True

Oikos

The Greek word for "house."

Hetaira

High-end female entertainers in a Greek symposium.

Krater

A vessel used for mixing wine and water in a symposium.

Symposium

A social gathering in ancient Greece where men drank, discussed philosophy, and were entertained.

Triclinium

A Roman dining room arranged with three couches in a U-shape for reclining while eating.

"Without wine, Venus is cold."

This quote reflects the ancient belief that wine enhanced sociability and passion.

"Make yourselves comfortable; I am going to sing a song."

This quote describes typical entertainment during a Roman convivium.

A Greek symposium scene with couches and wine vessels.

A typical setting for a Greek symposium, featuring reclining guests, wine kraters, and entertainers.

What is food insecurity?

Lack of consistent access to enough food for an active, healthy life

Which group is most affected by food insecurity?

Rural communities, seniors, and minority communities

What is the difference between hunger and malnutrition?

Hunger is lack of food, malnutrition is lack of nutrients.

What is a famine?

A critical shortage of essential foodstuffs

Who proposed the Entitlement Theory?

Amartya Sen

Famine is a short-term food shortage.

False (It is a critical shortage leading to increased mortality rates.)

Pithos is a storage jar used in antiquity to preserve surplus food.

True

According to Amartya Sen, starvation occurs due to insufficient food availability.

False (Sen argues it’s due to inequality in food distribution.)

Bartering involves exchanging goods or services without using money.

True

Famine causes a collapse of social, political, and moral order.

True

Food Crisis Spectrum

A continuum ranging from food shortages (short-term) to famine (catastrophic).

Pithos

A large storage jar used in ancient times to store surplus crops.

Anthropogenic Factors

Human-driven causes of food shortages such as conflict, war, and poor agricultural management.

Entitlement Theory

A theory by Amartya Sen explaining why people starve despite food being available, focusing on individuals' ability to command resources.

Famine Foods

Substandard foods consumed during times of famine, such as wild plants or even resorting to cannibalism.

"Starvation is the characteristic of some people not having enough food to eat. It is not the characteristic of there being not enough food to eat."

Amartya Sen

"None need starve; none NEED starve."

Amartya Sen, emphasizing that famine is preventable.

Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

Imagery representing famine, death, war, and pestilence, illustrating widespread suffering and chaos.

Agora

A public marketplace in ancient Greece where goods and services were exchanged, critical for food security in times of scarcity.