Theology Unit Industrial Revolution

Intellectual Context: (2)

Post-Enlightenment, Darwinism,

Societal context (4)

working conditions, inequality, overpopulation, child labor

Social Darwinism, what were its implications for workers?

survival of the fittest, laissez faire capitalism,

How were workers rights limited?

16 hour work day, child labor, dangerous conditions.

What was Karl Marx's ideology about religion?

aetheist, materialist, and thought religion was just cope.

Rerum Novarum (7)

Written by Pope Leo XIII, means "of revolutionary change."

Spiritual duty to recognize our brother, right to property, rights of the workers, necessary state intervention (for individuals and the state)

condemns communism

Highly seminal for CST.

Pacem en Terris

Peace on Earth, Vatican II, a response to the Cold War, calls for negotiation, outlining human rights and conditions for peace.

How was WW1 different?

The pope was not at the Treaty of Versailles, and there were Catholics on both sides.

What did the Church adopt during WW1?

Army Chaplains

Did the Church plot Hitler assassinations?

No. The Pope was just aware of the Abwehr's plans and served as an intermediary between Britain and Germany.

What did the Church do about the Jews being deported from Rome?

Nothing, and Leo knew.

Should Pius XII be a saint?

The case for-he kept the Church safe in a time when hell was on Earth. He was also just a man

The case against-He never took a risk, he never put himself or Catholics on the line more than he had to.

Interwar period context

hell on earth had come to stay.

Pope during WW1

Benedict XV

Which killed more people, Spanish Flu or WW1?

Spanish Flu

Totalitarian Regimes

Mussolini, Hitler, Stalinist policy extending over all of Eastern Europe.

What is the answer to the Roman question by Mussolini?

pays them for the Papal State, and gives Vatican city sovreignty.

Pius XI

1922-1939, instrumental in making the Vatican an independent state.

What is the effect of Pius XI ordering priests to read encyclicals at Mass?

they get sent to concentration camps.

Pius XII

Next pope during WW2

What did Pius personally do during WW2, but what did the Church do to help?

Pius tried to appear impartial to protect the people, but the Church saved 850k jews

St. Maximillion Kolbe

Arrested for anti-Nazi writings

Starved to death as a mass punishment.

Pius XII's focus

combating Communism, most notably, the eradication of Chinese Christianity, which, to this day, is restricted.

John XXIII (4)

Postwar Pope

got it for political reasons

intended to be a transitional Pope

Called Vatican II, but didn't see it through.

Vatican II items (3)

First Pastoral Council

Called to exist in a changing, more global world.

1962-65

Vatican II changes to the Mass (5)

alter moved closer, priest facing congregation, vernacular, greater lay participation, new musical styles

Mass Attendance and vocation crisis

After Vatican II, Mass attendance went down, but it was already going down. The vocational crisis was primarily in the rich nations.

Every Pope of the 20th century and their encyclicals.

Benedict XV (WW1 Pope), Pius XI (Interwar period), Pius XII (WW2), Leo XIII (Rerum Novarum), John XXIII (Vatican II), Paul VI (Humanae VItae), John Paul II (first non-Italian Pope since the Avignon papacy)

Humanae Vitae

Paul VI's encyclical on the goodness of human life and the dangers of contraception. It shaped many people's views on the Church.