USH - Unit 3-8 (Imperalism content - u7 at the end)

British policies of lenient/tax enforcements parliamentary laws were taking action during?

mid to late 1600s & 1700s

Why did English official start turning a blind eye on colonial violation of trade regulation?

Illegal trade made profit & enforcing the regulation would be too costly

Despite british turning a blind eye during mid to late 1600s & 1700s, were british colonists still loyal to the english crown?

yes

What is the Albany Plan of Union?

A call from Benjamin Franklin to unite the colonies under a Grand Council of representatives from each colony for protection against common enemies.

What was the 7 years war?

global conflict between european powers held across geographical location of the battle/theatre around the world

what was the 7 year war also called

french and indian war

The conflict in europe when new european alliances formed during the 7 years war, it formed Austria's desire to recover land of?

Prussia

prior to the 7 years war, the French had more terriority than?

English

in 1740, both england and france were interested in the?

the ohio river valley

why did france want the ohio river valley

control access to Mississippi river to greatly reduce travel time between colonies

why did england want the ohio river valley

fur trade and for land to sell

since both sides claimed they owned the ohio river valley, france did what to claim the valley was frances?

build forts to protect their land from england

in response to the french building forts around the ohio river vally, what did britain do?

sent a young officer, george washington, to make peace with the iroquois and remove french from the ohio river valley which was sucessful

what did the young officer promise the Iroquois in order to remove the french from the ohio river valley?

promised support against french attacks

because of the removal the french from the ohio river valley, what did the french did

attacked and defeated washington in order to keep the ohio river valley

the french attacking the washingtons troop in the ohio river valley marked the start of what?

french & indian war/ 7 years war

in the end, who loses the 7 year war

the french

because the french lost the 7 years war, what treaty did paris sign?

the treaty of paris in 1763

what did the treaty of paris do

french lost terrority in canada, east of ms river to england, west of ms river to spain

spain regained control of cuba and phillippines
england gained control of all french territory lost do to the treaty

at the end of the 7 years war, how did the british view the colonists as

poorly trained and disordered colonial military which convinced them the colonists were unable and unwilling to defend their new frontier

after the 7 years war, how was england's fincial decision

debt doubled because of american revolution

at the end of the 7 years war, how did the colonists view the british as

not impressed with british troops & leadership, their methoid poorly suited for the densely wooded terrain in america

after the end of the 7 years of war, how did the colonists view themselves

proud of themselves and military efforts

several native trbes weren't happy with the british taking their native region from them which started the?

ponitacs war in 1763

in order to resolve ponitacs war, the colonists gave the native tribes?

blankets and handkerchief infected with smallpox (1st biochemical weapon used in ush)

because of the british "gift", tensions rose between the 2 which made the british crown establish the act of?

Royal proclamation of 1763

what was the royal proclamation of 1763

issues by king geroge III, colonists couldn't expand westward of Appalachian mountains without permission to keep natives & colonists seperate

what are the navigation acts of 1651

passed by english parliment after king charles asked, the act required all goods made in america transported to english colonies and a attempt at trade regulation

what were the consquences of establishing the navigation acts

angered many colonists because their main economic activity, selling crash crop outside, greatly affected by act

since the navigation act, the prime minister of britain, george grenvilles, grew suspicious of illegal smuggling so he pushed out 3 measures what were they

quartering, sugar,and stamp act

what is the quartering act of 1765

Required colonists to provide housing and supplies to British troops

What is the Sugar Act of 1764?

an extension of molasses act of 1763(expired in 1764), regulated sugar trade and raise revenue

however, it lowered taxes but added taxes on other goods

What was the Stamp Act of 1765?

the 1st direct tax levied on colonists, tax that required revenue stamps placed on printed papers

why was the phrase "no taxation w/o representation" created

after stamp act, phamplets angered and the phrase rose
colonists against taxes unless direct representation to british parliament

who were the sons and daughters of liberty

a resistance group formed after stamp act was passed & it was led by lawyers like Samuel Adams (cousin of John Adams);however, the group become violet like intimidating tax agents, destroying revenue stamps, tarred and feathered revenue offical to rebel

What was the Stamp Act Congress?

Delegates from 9 colonies

what did the stamp act congress attempt to issue to the british parliment

Declaration of Rights and Grievances

what did the declaration of right & grievances state

-trial by jury is right
-without voting rights,parliment shouldnt be able to represent colonies
-no taxation without representation
-only colonial assemblies had right to tax colonies

why did the parliment reject the declaration of right & grievances

acceptance meant parliment made a mistake

what are the consequences of the stamp act

colonists ignored it, boycott against british goods & colonists started making their own, protest developed & merchants didnt buy english goods until parliment repealed stamp act

When did Parliment repeal the stamp act

1766

however,in 1766, another act was introduced by the parliment what was it?

Declatory Act of 1766

What was the Declatory Act of 1766?

saying parliment could tax and make laws for colonies under any circumstances

did britains finical situation worsen or became better in 1767

worsen as they now had to pay soilders increasing their already massive debt

because of their massive debt, britain established what act to pay their soilders in 1767

townshend act

What was the Townshend Act of 1767?

Tax on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea (imported goods)

when was the townshend act repealed and why

1770 except for small tax on tea because increased smuggling

an argument between a colonist and british soilder lead to?

the boston massacre

How did the Boston Massacre start?

colonists threw sticks,snowballs,etc. to harass/taunt british troops

how many were killed or injuried because of the boston massacre

11 shots fired- 6 colonists wounded, 5 dead

during the massacre, crispus attucks (dockworker of mixed african & american indian heritage）was killed and later became a symbol for?

antislavery movements

how did colonial newspaper take advantage of the boston massacre

they said british are willing to kill colonists for people who stand up for their rights

because the british east india company was in debt, the british parliment passed what act to help its pay its debt?

the tea act of 1773

What did the Tea Act of 1773 do?

sold tea directly to colonies and an attempt to persuade colonists buy their team instead of smuggling dutch tea as their tea was cheaper

many americans refused to buy the cheap tea from the tea act, why?

it would show a sign of recognitions of parliament's right to tax colonies

becaused the colonists feared tea tax would lead to more taxes from britain, 150 men secrelty boarded an east india company ship carrying 1200 chests of tea & dumped 342 of them. what is this known as?

the boston tea party

in response of the boston tea party, britain passed what act

the coercive act/intolerable acts of 1774

what did the coercive acts do

1. port act (closed port of boston now trade in & until amnt of tea trade in and out dumped payed)
2. Massachusetts government act (reduced power of Massachusetts legislature while increasing power of royal government
3. administration of justice act (royal officals accused of crimes tried in great britain not colonies)
4. quartering act (expanded to establish british troops to be quartered in private homes which applied to all colonies)

on september 1774, all colonies except georgia sent delegates to convention in philadelphia to establish the

1st continentional congress

Why was the 1st Continental Congress formed?

because of the intolerable acts

at this point (1st continetional congress -1774), did the colonists have a desire for independence

despite the intolerable acts, no thoughts of independence

what was the point of the first continetional congress

to protest against parlimentary rights and restore the rights they had prior to the 7 year war

what were the measures the continental congress wanted (continental congress measures)

1. suffolk resolves- repeal intolerable acts & for colonies resist by military preparations & boycott british goods
2. declaration & resolves- urge king to redress/make right colonial grievances and restore colonial rights and recongize parliment's authority to regulate commerce
3. created contential association-network committers to enforce suffolk resolves
4. declared if these measures not recognized, they shall meet again on may 1775

on October 1774, members of the Massachusetts assembly illegally met in secret & organized?

the Massachusetts congress

who led the the Massachusetts congress

john hancock

what was the point of the the Massachusetts congress

to train a militia

the mlitia trained by the massachusetts congress were trained and ready "to stand at minutes warning in case of alarms" which were called

minute men

Who were the Patriots?

colonists who wanted independence and were against the british

which 2 colonies had the most patriots

new england and virginia

how many patriots were there in total in 1775

~2.6m ppl in the 13 colonies

out of the ~2.6m patriots, what percentage actively fought against britain

~40%

patriots were reluctant to travel outside their own region, served in local militia units for short periods of time, leave and work on farms and then return to duty, which ended up with 20,000 troops for _______ _____ under his command at 1 time

George Washington

The patriots were chronically known for

short on supplies, poorly equipped, rarely paid

Who were the Tories?

colonists who felt a deep loyalty to Great Britain

why were the tories called the tories

because in parliament was a major group called the tories

where were the tories strongest

major port sites, except in boston (ny,nj,and georgia)

how many tories fought alongside the british and what did the british supply the tories with

80000 troops, and supplied them with arms and food

the tories would join british ________ parties to pillage patriot troops and farmer

raiding

the two groups tories & patriots seperated the family and?

population

at the end of the war, the 80000 loyalists emigrated to settle in?

canada or britain

benjamin franklin, who was a patriot, son, william, joined the ____ and served as the last royal government of new jersey

tories

the king government delcares __________ as a state or rebellion & sent additional troops to put down the further disorders

massaschusetts

who attempts to warn massachusetts about the troops coming

Paul Revere, William Daws, and Samuel Prescott

what was the journey of traveling to massachusetts to warn them about troops called

the midnight ride

prescott made it to concord after revere & dawes were captured by

British patrol

The battle of Lexington of april 1775 was a ________ victory.

British

what started the battle of lexington

when an unknown shot rang out:"shot heard around the world"

The battle of concord of april 1775 was a ________ victory

colonial

how did the colonies defeat the british at the battle of concord

colonists hid in behind trees, walls, and buildings and shot at the british troop

how many causalities were suffered for the british at the battle of concord

250

Why was the 2nd Continental Congress held?

the measures werent met

however at this time, the 2nd continential congress was held they were split into 2 groups. what were the 2 groups

1 group wanted to declare independence another wanted to resolve the conflict by restoring peace with great britain

the 2nd continential congress established a colonial army and assigned who as the command in chief?

george washington

george washington was sent to boston to lead the _____________ _______ & other volunteer unit from other colonies

Massachusetts militia

the battle of bunker hill was a _________ ________

british victory

during the battle of bunker hill, american commander told his troops?

"Don't fire until you see the white of their eyes"

While bunker hill may have been a british victory, it sparked

confidence for the americans

how many causalities on both sides for the battle of bunker hill

450 colonial causalities, 1050 british causalities （92 officers were killed）

in july 1775, the 2nd continetenial congress sent an olive branch petition to?

king george III; restore peace w/parliment

what was an olive branch petition

plea to restore peace