BIO 047 - Lecture Exam #1 Study Guide

Chapterts 1-2, 4-5

True or false? Serous cavities include the pleural cavity.

True

True or false? The dorsal cavity is subdivided into a cranial and a vertebral cavity.

True

True or false? A transverse plane could cut the head off the body.

True

The smallest living unit is ___.

1. an organ

2. a cell

3. a molecule

4. a human being

2. a cell

What is the function of serous membranes?

1. They act like wrapping paper to hold visceral organs together

2. They halt the spread of infection

3. They contain gland cells that secrete mucus

4. They reduce friction so that viscera move freely

4. they reduce friction so that viscera move freely

Which statement concerning the anatomical position is false?

1. the person is lying down, as straight as possible

2. the toes point anteriorly, but the fingers point inferiorly

3. the palms face anteriorly

4. the knees, elbow, and neck are straight (not bent)

1. the person is lying down, as straight as possible

The ___ body cavity contains the brain.

1. ventral

2. lateral

3. serous

4. dorsal

4. dorsal

The ___ cavity contains the heart and lungs.

1. abdominopelvic

2. lateral

3. thoracic

4. dorsal

3. thoracic

True or false? The smooth ER contains its own molecules of DNA.

False

True or false? Hypercholesterolemia is an inherited disease in which the body’s cells lack the protein receptors that bind to cholesterol-delivering LDL’s.

True

True or false? Peroxisomes are important in detoxification of a number of toxic substances, for instance, hydrogen peroxide.

True

True or false? During the S phase, cells are characterized by rapid growth.

False

True or false? During the G1 phase, DNA is replicated in the cytoplasm.

False

True or false? During anaphase, the chromosomes are pulled toward the center of the cell.

False

Mitosis refers only to nuclear division. Separation of the entire cell following mitosis is ___.

1. telophase

2. melosis

3. karykinesis

4. cytokinesis

4. cytokinesis

Phospholipids of the plasma membrane are arranged

1. around a central layer of cholesterol

2. with their polar heads facing outwards

3. in a single layer with polar heads facing outwards

4. with their nonpolar tails sandwiched between the heads

4. with their nonpolar tails sandwiched between the heads

which of the following statements about integral proteins in the plasma membrane is false?

1. they determine which molecules are transported through the membrane

2. they are more abundant by volume than the membrane phospholipids

3. some attach to the glycocalyx

4. most extend all the way through the membrane

2. they are more abundant by volume than the membrane phospholipids

Which type of endocytosis engulfs the most specific type of molecule or material?

1. receptor-mediated endocytosis

2. fluid-phase endocytosis

3. some attach to the glycocalyx

4. most extend all the way through the membrane

1. receptor-mediated endocytosis

Of the following, the only organelle that has a double membrane structure is the ___.

1. centriole

2. endoplasmic reticulum

3. golgi apparatus

4. mitochondrion

4. mitochondrion

Functions of the golgi apparatus include all of the following except ___.

1. DNA replication

2. production of secretory granules

3. plasma membrane formation

4. synthesis of lysosome

1. DNA replication

Which type of protein is required for exocytosis?

1. clathirn

2. SNARE

3. caveolin

4. coatomer proteins

2. SNARE

In the cell life cycle, DNA is replicated during __.

1. interphase S

2. interphase G1

3. prophase II

4. prohase I

2. interphase S

The ___ face of the Golgi apparatus is ___ to receive spherical vesicle from the rough ER.

1. trans; concave

2. cis; convex

3. cis; flattened

4. trans; convex

2. cis; convex

Materials that are to be exocytosed by cells are packed by the ___.

1. mitochondrion

2. nuclesome

3. Golgi apparatus

4. ribosome

3. Golgi apparatus

Which of the following is associated with protein synthesis?

1. chloroplasts

2. ribosomes

3. smooth ER

4. mitochondria

2. ribosomes

Which is NOT a part of interphase?

1. M

2. S

3. G2

4. G1

1. M

The endocytotic process in which tiny packets of fluid are brought into the cell is called ___.

1. exocytosis

2. xenocytosis

3. phagocytosis

4. pinocytosis

4. pinocytosis

The double membrane structure is unique to the ___.

1. nucleolus

2. mitochondrion

3. lysosome

4. peroxisome

2. mitochondrion

Memberane-bound organelles have the same type of membrane as the plasma membrane except ___.

1. for the absence of glycocalyx

2. the nonpolar tails face outward

3. for the absence of cholesterol

4. they are all covered with ribosomes

1. for the absence of glycocalyx

In the process of phagocytosis, the organelles whose enzymes break down ingested foreign cells are the ___.

1. lysosome

2. nucleoli

3. peroxisomes

4. smooth ER

1. lysosome

The cytoskeletal elements that form a ring to “squeeze” the two daughter cells apart during cytokinesis are ___.

1. intermediate filaments

2. microtubules

3. the micro trabecular lattice

4. microfilaments

4. microfilaments

The plasma membrane is ___.

1. a single-layered membrane enclosing the plasma

2. a membrane composed of tiny shelves or cristae

3. the membrane surrounding the cell

4. a single-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell

3. the membrane surrounding the cell

True or false? Multilayered epithelia are named for the cell shape found in the basal layer.

False

True or false? Dense regular connective tissue is characterized by giving strength in all directions.

False

True or false? Superficial fascia refers to the fatty hypodermis below the skin, whereas deep dascia are the sheets of tissue that wrap around muscles, large blood vessels, etc.

True

True or false? Smooth muscle cells are connected to each other by intercalated discs.

False

The major function of stratified squamous epithelium is ___.

1. diffusion

2. absorption

3. protection from abrasion

4. filtration

3. protection from abrasion

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelia?

1. innervated

2. vascular

3. highly cellular with little extracellular matrix

4. specialized cell-cell junctions

2. vascular

A type of connective tissue that is NOT a connective tissue proper is ___.

1. dense irregular connective tissue

2. cartilage

3. adipose tissue

4. areolar tissue

2. cartilage

A stratified epithelium that thins and flattens as the tissue stretches is ___.

1. pseudostratified epithelium

2. transitional epithelium

3. stratified squamous epithelium

4. stratified cuboidal epithelium

2. transitional epithelium

Which one of the following basic types of tissue functions to control the body?

1. muscle

2. epithelial

3. connective

4. nervous

4. nervous

Which of the following basic types of tissue function as a support tissue?

1. connective

2. epithelial

3. muscle

4. nervous

1. connective

In connective tissue proper, ground substance is manufactured and secreted by which type of cell?

1. chondroblasts

2. endothelial cell

3. osteocytes

4. fibroblast

4. fibroblast

In connective tissue, extracellular matrix is not exactly the same as ground substance, because the matrix also contains ___.

1. an epithelium

2. cells

3. fibers

4. blood

3. fibers

A muscle fiber is ___.

1. a muscle cell

2. part of a striation of a muscle cell

3. an intercalated disc

4. the same as a collagen fiber that is viewed by electron microscopy

1. a muscle cell

A pseudostratified epithelium is always ___.

1. stratified

2. simple

3. ciliated

4. cuboidal

2. simple

True or false? Skin consists of two distinct layers: the epidermis and dermis.

True.

True of false? Sebaceous glands secrete oil on the surface of the epithelium.

True

The cells in the skin that contain the most melanin are ___.

1. melanocytes

2. tactile epithelial cells

3. basal keratinocytes

4. dendritic cells

3. basal keratinocytes

Light-skinned people have less pigment because ___.

1. they are exposed to less UV radiation

2. their melanocytes produce a pinkish color melanin instead of brown

3. their keratinocytes digest the melanin

4. they have fewer melanocytes

3. their keratinocytes digest the melanin

The reticular layer of the dermis consists of ___ connective tissue.

1. dense irregular

2. dense regular

3. stratified squamous

4. reticular

1. dense irregular

In the thick skin of the palm, the layer of the epidermis directly under the stratum corneum is the stratum ___.

1. spinosum

2. granulosum

3. lucidum

4. basale

3. lucidum

The thickness of skin is determined primarily by the thickness of the ___.

1. stratum basale

2. papillary layer of the dermis

3. reticular layer of the dermis

4. stratum corneum

4. stratum corneum

The most external layer of a hair shaft is the ___.

1. cortex

2. epidermal root sheath

3. medulla

4. cuticle

4. cuticle

Since both hair and skin contain keratin, the hair is most comparable to what part of the epidermis?

1. stratum corneum

2. basal lamina

3. stratum basale

4. melanocytes

1. stratum corneum