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What were the 5 main parts of the Elizabethan Government?
Court
Privy Council
Parliament
Lords Lieutenant
Justices of the Peace
What were the key features of the court?
Body of people who lived near the monarch
Mostly made up of nobility
Monarch’s key servants, advisers and friends
What was the role of the court?
Entertain and advise the monarch
Public display of wealth and power
What was the role of the Privy Council?
Debate current issues and advise the monarch
Made sure the Monarch’s decisions were carried out
Oversaw law and order
Monitored Justices of the Peace
Monitored Parliament proceedings
What was the Parliament made up of?
House of Lords and House of Commons
What was the role of the Parliament?
Grant extraordinary taxation
Passed laws
Offered advice to monarch
What was the role of the Lords Lieutenant?
In charge of training and raising local militia
Oversaw enforcement of policies
Part of local government
What was the role of the Justices of the Peace?
Make sure all social and economic policies carried out
Heard court cases every 3 months for serious cases
Part of local government
What could Elizabeth II do as the monarch?
Declare war and make peace
Call and dismiss parliament
Rule in some legal cases
Grant titles, land, money and jobs
Who was Elizabeth II’s most famous Secretary of State who held the position up until 1573
Sir William Cecil
Why was Elizabeth II considered illegitimate?
Henry VIII had broken ties with the pope and made the Church of England
He granted himself a divorce with Catherine of Aragon
He got married to Anne Boleyn who later gave birth to Elizabeth on 7 Sept 1533
Catholics see this as not being legitimate
What were the pros to Elizabeth possibly getting married?
Husband could fulfill a role as a military leader in war
Having children would ensure England’s security
What were the cons to Elizabeth possibly getting married?
She would be sidelined by her husband
Only suitable men would be foreign princes who would their own country’s needs first
What were some of the characteristics of Elizabeth II?
Highly intelligent and well educated
Confident and charismatic
What were the financial challenges facing Elizabeth II?
England had just fought costly wars
The Crown was £300,000 in debt
How could a Monarch raise money?
Rents and income from their own lands
Taxes from trade
Subsidies (had to be agreed by parliament)
Profits of justice
Loans
What were the key features of the French’s threat to Elizabeth?
Auld alliance - friendship between Scotland and France
MQS had a claim to English throne
In the treaty of Calais in 1559, England were forced to give up Calais (important trading)
What were the main religious divisions in England in 1558?
Clergy - most of England’s bishops were catholic
Geographical divisions - north west was mainly catholic, south east was mainly protestant
Puritans - extreme protestants who believed anything outside of the bible was false
When was Elizabeth II’s religious settlement?
1559
What were the main 3 parts of the Religious Settlement?
Act of Supermacy
Act of Uniformity
Royal Injunctions
What was the act of supermacy?
It made Queen Elizabeth the supreme governor of the Church of England - all clergy had to swear on oath of allegiance to Elizabeth
What was the act of Uniformity?
Introduced set form of church service in the Book of Common Prayer to be used in all churches
Clergy had to use specific wording of the book
Wording of the book was in such a way where Catholics and protestants could interpret it
Everyone had to attend church on Sundays or else be fined one shilling
What issues did the Royal Injunctions cover?
All clergy were to teach the Royal Supermacy
Anyone who refused to attend church would be reported to the Privy Council
Each paris had to have a copy of the Bible in English
No one could preach without a licence
Pilgrimages and monuments to ‘fake’ banned
Clergy wear special vestements
What the impact of the religious settlement on the clergy?
Clergy had to swear an oath
8,000 priests swore the oath
Elizabeth was forced to appoint 27 new bishops as only 1 of them had sworn the oath
What was the impact of the religious settlement on the people?
Majority of people accepted it
In places like lancashire Catholics were slow to change, but Elizabeth didn’t enforce it too strongly
Some Protestants accepted it with too much enthusiasm and destroyed church ornaments
What was the role of the Church of England?
Church Courts - Dealt with moral issues including: marriage, sexual offences, slander and wills/inheritance
Enforcing the Settlement - Carried out visitations (inspections) of churches
What was the crucifix controversy?
Elizabeth enjoyed crucifixes and wanted them in her churches, however the puritans bishops threatened to resign so she was unable to enforce this rule
What was the vestment controversy?
Catholics wanted priests to wear special clothing since they were special
Puritans, however, did not believe in priests being apart from ordinary people.
Elizabeth wanted special vestments to be worn by the Priests but some clergy did not listen
In 1665, the Archbishop of Canterbury issued further guidelines in his ‘Book of Advertisements’
By the end most priests agreed to her demands
What was the papacy’s challenge to Elizabeth’s religious settlement?
Did not offer much leadership to English Catholics
In 1566, the Pope issued an instruction that they should not attend C of E services
Elizabeth I did not punish these recusants because she didn’t want to create martyrs
Overall Catholics stayed politically loyal
What was the extent of England’s nobility and the catholic threat as a challenge to the religious settlement?
What was France’s challenge to the religious settlement?
What happened during the dutch revolt and creation of Spanish Netherlands?
What was MQS’ claim to the throne?
Why was MQS important?
When did MQS arrive in England?
Why did MQS’ arrival in England cause such a problem?