Edexcel GCSE History Elizabethan England - Queen, Government and Religion

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36 Terms

1
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What were the 5 main parts of the Elizabethan Government?

  • Court

  • Privy Council

  • Parliament

  • Lords Lieutenant

  • Justices of the Peace

2
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What were the key features of the court?

  • Body of people who lived near the monarch

  • Mostly made up of nobility

  • Monarch’s key servants, advisers and friends

3
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What was the role of the court?

  • Entertain and advise the monarch

  • Public display of wealth and power

4
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What was the role of the Privy Council?

  • Debate current issues and advise the monarch

  • Made sure the Monarch’s decisions were carried out

  • Oversaw law and order

  • Monitored Justices of the Peace

  • Monitored Parliament proceedings

5
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What was the Parliament made up of?

House of Lords and House of Commons

6
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What was the role of the Parliament?

  • Grant extraordinary taxation

  • Passed laws

  • Offered advice to monarch

7
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What was the role of the Lords Lieutenant?

  • In charge of training and raising local militia

  • Oversaw enforcement of policies

  • Part of local government

8
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What was the role of the Justices of the Peace?

  • Make sure all social and economic policies carried out

  • Heard court cases every 3 months for serious cases

  • Part of local government

9
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What could Elizabeth II do as the monarch?

  • Declare war and make peace

  • Call and dismiss parliament

  • Rule in some legal cases

  • Grant titles, land, money and jobs

10
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Who was Elizabeth II’s most famous Secretary of State who held the position up until 1573

Sir William Cecil

11
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Why was Elizabeth II considered illegitimate?

  • Henry VIII had broken ties with the pope and made the Church of England

  • He granted himself a divorce with Catherine of Aragon

  • He got married to Anne Boleyn who later gave birth to Elizabeth on 7 Sept 1533

  • Catholics see this as not being legitimate

12
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What were the pros to Elizabeth possibly getting married?

  • Husband could fulfill a role as a military leader in war

  • Having children would ensure England’s security

13
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What were the cons to Elizabeth possibly getting married?

  • She would be sidelined by her husband

  • Only suitable men would be foreign princes who would their own country’s needs first

14
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What were some of the characteristics of Elizabeth II?

  • Highly intelligent and well educated

  • Confident and charismatic

15
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What were the financial challenges facing Elizabeth II?

  • England had just fought costly wars

  • The Crown was £300,000 in debt

16
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How could a Monarch raise money?

  • Rents and income from their own lands

  • Taxes from trade

  • Subsidies (had to be agreed by parliament)

  • Profits of justice

  • Loans

17
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What were the key features of the French’s threat to Elizabeth?

  • Auld alliance - friendship between Scotland and France

  • MQS had a claim to English throne

  • In the treaty of Calais in 1559, England were forced to give up Calais (important trading)

18
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What were the main religious divisions in England in 1558?

  • Clergy - most of England’s bishops were catholic

  • Geographical divisions - north west was mainly catholic, south east was mainly protestant

  • Puritans - extreme protestants who believed anything outside of the bible was false

19
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When was Elizabeth II’s religious settlement?

1559

20
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What were the main 3 parts of the Religious Settlement?

  • Act of Supermacy

  • Act of Uniformity

  • Royal Injunctions

21
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What was the act of supermacy?

It made Queen Elizabeth the supreme governor of the Church of England - all clergy had to swear on oath of allegiance to Elizabeth

22
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What was the act of Uniformity?

  • Introduced set form of church service in the Book of Common Prayer to be used in all churches

  • Clergy had to use specific wording of the book

  • Wording of the book was in such a way where Catholics and protestants could interpret it

  • Everyone had to attend church on Sundays or else be fined one shilling

23
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What issues did the Royal Injunctions cover?

  • All clergy were to teach the Royal Supermacy

  • Anyone who refused to attend church would be reported to the Privy Council

  • Each paris had to have a copy of the Bible in English

  • No one could preach without a licence

  • Pilgrimages and monuments to ‘fake’ banned

  • Clergy wear special vestements

24
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What the impact of the religious settlement on the clergy?

  • Clergy had to swear an oath

  • 8,000 priests swore the oath

  • Elizabeth was forced to appoint 27 new bishops as only 1 of them had sworn the oath

25
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What was the impact of the religious settlement on the people?

  • Majority of people accepted it

  • In places like lancashire Catholics were slow to change, but Elizabeth didn’t enforce it too strongly

  • Some Protestants accepted it with too much enthusiasm and destroyed church ornaments

26
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What was the role of the Church of England?

  • Church Courts - Dealt with moral issues including: marriage, sexual offences, slander and wills/inheritance

  • Enforcing the Settlement - Carried out visitations (inspections) of churches

27
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What was the crucifix controversy?

Elizabeth enjoyed crucifixes and wanted them in her churches, however the puritans bishops threatened to resign so she was unable to enforce this rule

28
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What was the vestment controversy?

  • Catholics wanted priests to wear special clothing since they were special

  • Puritans, however, did not believe in priests being apart from ordinary people.

  • Elizabeth wanted special vestments to be worn by the Priests but some clergy did not listen

  • In 1665, the Archbishop of Canterbury issued further guidelines in his ‘Book of Advertisements’

  • By the end most priests agreed to her demands

29
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What was the papacy’s challenge to Elizabeth’s religious settlement?

  • Did not offer much leadership to English Catholics

  • In 1566, the Pope issued an instruction that they should not attend C of E services

  • Elizabeth I did not punish these recusants because she didn’t want to create martyrs

  • Overall Catholics stayed politically loyal

30
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What was the extent of England’s nobility and the catholic threat as a challenge to the religious settlement?

31
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What was France’s challenge to the religious settlement?

32
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What happened during the dutch revolt and creation of Spanish Netherlands?

33
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What was MQS’ claim to the throne?

34
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Why was MQS important?

35
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When did MQS arrive in England?

36
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Why did MQS’ arrival in England cause such a problem?