types of active transport (unti 2) ib bio

what is active transport?

uses energy (ATP) to move things against their concentration gradient from low to high

how does active transport occur?

they must use carrier proteins

how do you transport an ion?

through an ion pump/ exchange transporter

what is membrane potential?

the voltage across a membrane which drives the diffusion of ions

membrane potential + ion concentration gradient =

electrochemical gradient

ions move _____ their concentration gradient

down

what is cotransport?

indirect active transport

how do cells get BIG things in or out?

1. uses energy

2. membrane can break and reform\

3. uses a protein called clathrin to provide scaffolding to change shape of the membrane

what is endocytosis?

involved in getting big things into the cell, when the membrane folds inward and pinches off

what are the 3 types of endocytosis?

phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis

what is phagocytosis?

involved in endocytosis, process where a cell "eats" or engulfs large particles, like bacteria, dead cells, or debris, by surrounding them with its membrane aka “cell eating”

what is pinocytosis?

involved in endocytosis, which a cell takes in fluid and small molecules from its surroundings, aka “cell drinking a fluid”

what is receptor mediated endocytosis?

to bring in something that has a low amount, where a cell takes in specific molecules (ligands) from outside the cell by using receptor proteins on its surface

what is exocytosis?

involved in getting big things out of the cell

how does exocytosis work?

material made and packaged by the ER/Golgi apparatus vesicles move along cytoskeleton vesicles fuse with inside of cell membrane to dump waste out of the cell