⋆ ˚｡⋆୨୧˚unit one test: pt. two˚୨୧⋆｡˚ ⋆

What is the US Constitution?

sets up our government, limits the power of government, can change with times, guarantees rights and freedoms

What did the preamble state

Establishes the rights of the people and communicates the intentions of the people

Article I constitution

Establishes Congress as the legislative branch of Federal Government and lists the powers of Congress.

Article II constitution

This article describes the role and power of the Executive Branch, the President and the Vice President.
*commander-in-Chief*

Article III constitution

creates the Judicial branch/Supreme Court but allows Congress to establish lower courts.

Article IV constitution

__**It requires states to give full credit and faith to the decisions taken by other states’ courts. Congress has the power to dispose of any rules or regulations respecting the territory or other properties of the US.**__

Article V constitution

Amendment Process; House and Senate can propose the ratification of an amendment by a 2/3rds majority through congress or from the state (rare)

Article VI constitution

States that the Constitution is the highest law of the land. Federal and state officers and judges must uphold the Constitution.
National government supersedes state government

Article VII constitution

Ratification of the Constitution (9 of 13 states)

What are the six principles of the constitution?

popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, federalism

popular sovereignty

A government in which the people rule by their own consent.

federalism

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

separation of powers

the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government

checks and balances

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

judicial review

review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act.

What are the powers of the legislative branch as established by Article I of the Constitution?

collect taxes,
regulate trade,
copyright/patents,
declare war, armed forces

What are the powers of the executive branch as established by Article II of the Constitution?

appoints people & foreign policy treaties (w/congressional approval)

What are the powers of the judicial branch as established by Article III of the Constitution?

original jurisdiction, appeals court, Judicial review,

What is extradition?

When a state is required to return a suspect of a crime to another state.

What is reciprocity?

if something is legal in both states

What are congressional powers?

To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;

What are some powers not vested in congress?

1 suspend the writ of habeas corpus, unless necessary in time of rebellion or invasion;
2 pass laws which condemn persons for crimes or unlawful acts without a trial;
3 pass any law which retroactively makes a specific act a crime;
4 levy direct taxes on citizens, except on the basis of a census already taken;
5 tax exports from any one state;
6 give specially favorable treatment in commerce or taxation to the seaports of any state or to the vessels using them; and
7 authorize any titles of nobility.

Revenue bills (constitutional right)

Tax bills (must originate in the House) to raise money for the government

impeachment power (constitutional right)

the constitutional authority of the House to charge the President, Vice President, and other "civil officers" with "high crimes and misdemeanors"

Major presidential appointments (exclusive senate right)

must be confirmed by the Senate. The Senate offers advice and consent to the president by a majority vote regarding the appointments of federal judges, ambassadors, and Cabinet positions.

Treaties (exclusive senate right)

Formal agreements with other countries; *two-thirds vote*

Impeachment trial (exclusive senate right)

Senate; A two-thirds majority can convict the individual and remove him or her from office

What is the house of representatives

the lower house of Congress, consisting of a different number of representatives from each state, depending on population

what is senate

upper house of the legislature, each state elects two

Oversight of the budget (implied powers)

Congress reviews and restricts the annual budget prepared by the executive branch

Investigation (implied powers)

Congress may investigate both issues that warrant study and wrongdoings by public officials. Through COMMITTEE HEARINGS, Congress has examined issues such as crime, consumer safety, health care, and foreign trade

congress age requirement

25 (house of representatives)
30 (senate)

congress citizenship requirement

7 years (house of Representatives)
9 years (senate)

congress residency requirement

the candidate must be a resident of the state he is representing

incumbency

holding the political office for which one is running

unstated requirements of congress

incumbency, white, male, rich

House of Representatives term

2 years

Senate term

6 years

president age requirement

35

President term

4 years, 2 terms

president resident requirement

14 years

Expressed Powers

powers directly stated in the constitution

Implied Powers

Powers inferred from the express powers that allow Congress to carry out its functions.

Inherent Powers

powers claimed by a president that are not expressed in the Constitution but are inferred from it

formal powers

specific grants of authority defined in the Constitution or in law

informal powers

powers not laid out in the Constitution but used to carry out presidential duties