Chemistry tests

Lithium

Red flame

Sodium

Yellow flame

Lilac flame

Potassium

Orange red flame

Calcium

Green blue flame

Copper

Copper + sodium hydroxide

Blue precipitate, copper (II) hydroxide

Iron (II) + sodium hydroxide

Green precipitate, iron(II) hydroxide

Iron (III) + sodium hydroxide

Brown precipitate, iron(III) hydroxide

Ammonium

Add NaOH and warm it, gas given off, damp red litmus paper turn blue

Carbonate ions

Add HCl, bubbles, test gas by bubbling through limewater, CO2 produced

Sulfate ions

Add HCl, add BaCl2, white precipitate BaSO4

Chloride ions

Add HNO3, add AgNO3, white precipitate AgCl

Bromide ions

Add HNO3, add AgNO3, cream precipitate AgBr

Iodide ions

Add HNO3, add AgNO3, yellow precipitate AgI

Hydrogen

Lighted splint goes pop

Chloride

Bleaches damp litmus white

Water

Turnes white anhydrous copper (II) sulfate blue

Oxygen

Relights glowing splint

Carbon dioxide

Limewater turns cloudy

Ammonia

Damp red litmus paper turns blue