Crime Scene Investigation Test 1

CSI effect: defense attorney

easier

CSI effect prosecuting attorney

harder

CSI effect forensics

more pressure on them

excited delirium

cant feel pain on sm drugs, cant sweat, feels like your on fire

1775

american revolution begins

1776

u.s declares independence

1787

u.s constitution written

1788

u.s constitution ratified

1789

u.s constitution took effect, george washington was inaugurated, u.s marshall established (to enforce laws), u.s attorney general established

1791

u.s bill of rights take effect, first known officer killed in line of duty (cornelius hogeboom)

1865

u.s secret service establish to combat counterfeiting

1908

bureau of investigation establihsed (the BI)

1920

prohibition starts (alcohol is illegal)

1921

modern polygraph invented

1923

frye v u.s (polygraph invalidated in court)

1933

prohibition ended

1936

bureau of investigation named changed to fbi

1985

alec jefferys cracked genetic code of DNA (dna is as unique as finger print)

1986/1987

first use of nuclear DNA fingerprinting in court case. in the uk——> colin pitchfork case

1998

combined dna index system (CODIS) fully operational

2001

9/11

pam bondy

new attorney general

james uthmyer

fl state attorney general

eugene vidocq

father of criminal investigation

mathieu orfila

father of toxicology

LMPD

london metropolitan police department

scotland year detective branch

apart of LMPD

office of instrucations and mail depredations

first federal law enforcement officers referred to as ‘special agents’

texas rangers

first policing agency w/ statewide jurisdiction

allan pinkerton

hired as first city police detective in chicago, created first private detective agency in u.s (pinkerton national detective agency).

NYPD

laregest municipal detectiive division in the world

alphonse bertillon

father of mug shot: developed first ‘personal identification system: anthropometry- used 11 different body measurements and a photo

sir aurthur cohan doyle

wrote sherlock holmes

sir francis galton

father of fingerprint identification

hans gross

coined terms ‘criminal investigation’ and ‘criminalistics’. first to publish book touting the use of scientific method in regards to solving crimes

karl landsteiner

first to classify LIQUID BLOOD into a, b, ab, o groups

edmond locard

FRANCE. established first crime lab and first school of criminalistics/ forensic science. father of forensic science

locards principle

two objects exchange matter when they come into contact

albert osborn

wrote the questioned documents. was the first study of handwriting anaysis authenticatiing documents and presenting documents as evidence

leone lattes

developed method to classify DRIED BLOOD into a, b, ab, o groups

august vollmer

UNITED STATES. established first u.s lab in LA and first school of criminalistics/ forensic science

calvin goddard and philip gravelle

developed the comparison microscope

ballistics

the study of an object in motion

firearm investigation

matching bullet to gun

paul kirk

coin term ‘blood splatter analysis

miranda vs arizona

right to remain silent and attorney

clearing house

records storage (database of criminal records)

alec jefferys

cracked genetic code of DNA

cover

can stop bullet

concealment

wont stop bullet but will hide you

berghuis v tompkins

statement made without a unambiguous (CLEARLY STATED) invocation of their miranda rights . constitutes a wavier of their self-incrimination rights. basically you have to clearly state you understand your rights

reasonable suspicuion

a crime has, is or will happen/ is being committed. so you can search them

probable cause

they prob committed the crime. can arrest them

proof beyond reasonable doubt

state must prove this to convict someone.

NCIC

national crime information center (FBI)

FCIC

florida crime information center (FDLE)

NGI

next generation identification- fingerprints (FBI)

IAFIS

‘integrated’ automated fingerprint identification system (FBI)

AFIS

automated fingerprint identification system (FDLE)

CODIS

combined DNA identification system (FBI)

NIBIN

national ‘integrated’ ballistics information network (ATF/FBI)

PDQ

paint data query (RCMP)

RCMP

royal canadian mounted police

SICAR

shoeprint image capture an retrieval (private)—- shoe and tire impressions

forensics

has to do with the law

civil law

agreements, contracts and obligations. thershold of guilt : preponderance of evidence (51%)

criminal law

statute (legal code) threshold of guilt: proof beyond reasonable doubt (90%)

procedural criminal law

set of rules that defines how criminal cases are handled

substantive criminal law

defines crimes and the punishments for those crimes

judge

trier of law

jury

trier of facts

mens rea+actus reus=corpus delicti

mental intent+ criminal act=crime

types of crime in order

purposeful, knowing, reckless, and neglegent

criminalistics

study of crime

standard/refrence sample

a sample of a known source

substrate control

an uncontaminated piece of surface material located near an area where physical evidence such as blood or DNA has been deposited

4th amendment

search and seizure. implied privacy. secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects

5th amendment

due process, double jeopardy, and self-incrimination. miranda rights- attorney and silent cant be tried of the same crime twice.

terry versus ohio

stop and frisk

new jersey versus TLO

schools have the right to search students based on reasonable suspicion

arrest warrant

has two parts, affidavit and warrant

search warrant

affidavit, warrant, return search warrant

affidavit

statement of probable cause

obtaining search warrant

based on probable cause, written order by judge, be specific, should have enough info that someone who has nothing could serve warrant

four types of warrants

knock- majority

no knock- used when police could be put in danger

anticipatory- used when evidence is being transported

sneak and peak- used without residences knowledge (put cameras or mics in)

mincy versus arizona

undercover cop died at mincys house, 4 day warrantless search occurred, suspect didnt give consent and there was no warrant. they got convicted but it got over turned

michigan versus tyler

fire happened. arson investigators returned 4,7 and 25 days after and collected evidence. business owner got convicted but got over turned

cases pertaining to search warrants

michigan versus tyler and mincy versus arizona

mapp versus ohio

if evidence is collected in violation of the 4th amendement, it will be inamissable in court according to the exclusionary rule

exclusionary rule

prevents obtaining evidence illegally and using it in court

fruit of poisonous tree

everything found illegally is inmissable in court

frye versus u.s

determined results of polygraph cannot be used in court

frye standard

requires that the procedure, technique or principle is generally accepted by a large part of the relevant scientific community (ex, 9/10 agree polygraoh wasn’t valid)

daubert versus merrell dow pharamacutical

women was pregnant and sued dr bc they gave her drugs that caused complications. replaced frye standard with the daubert test

daubert test

the judge is the gatekeeper of evidence. basically frye but with more requirements

types of evidence

real/ physical and testimonial

physical/real evidence

tangible

class: can be matched to multiple,

versus

individual: can be matched to only one

testimonial evidence

oral or recorded

body language

evidence can be classified in four different ways

direct, circumstantial, corroborative, cumulative

direct evidence

directly proves the suspects guilt