Theology II Semester 2 Final Exam Study Guide

a heresy that falsely taught that all matter is evil and the spirit is inherently good; Fought by St. Dominic

Albigensianism

The body of laws governing the religious practices of a Christian church

Canon Law

the process by which different cultures share ideas and ways of doing things

Cultural Exchange

Renaissance poet who wrote The Divine Comedy

Dante

Language students needed to be able to read and write in order to enter a 13th century university

Latin

From mendicare which means to beg

Mendicant

Order of Preachers

Order founded by St. Dominic

Order of Friars Minor

Order founded by St. Francis

Society of Jesus, or Jesuits

Order founded by St. Ignatius of Loyola

Greater human development, more attention to faces and facial expressions

Paintings in the High Middle Ages

Medieval theologian who said that questioning is the key to perceiving the truth

Peter Lombard

arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music

Quadrivium

high vaulted ceilings; elongated windows to let in more light; better acoustics than old Roman basilicas

Romanesque Style Cathedrals

A philosophical and theological system, associated with Thomas Aquinas, devised to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy and Roman Catholic theology in the thirteenth century. The method used was to draw up a list of contradictory statements and then try to find the central truth.

Scholasticism

Build up my house again

St Francis heard God asking him to

The life of Christ

St. Francis of Assisi meditated on

University of Paris

St. Thomas Aquinas's College

Theology

St. Thomas Aquinas's Department

Summa Theologiae

St. Thomas Aquinas's major writing

Dumb Ox

St. Thomas Aquinas's school nickname

Book by Dante Alighieri, describes soul's journey through hell, purgatory and heaven

the Divine Comedy

Study / Learning / Training

To fight Albigensianism, St. Dominic believed this was equal in importance to prayer.

Latin grammar, rhetoric, logic

Trivium

St. Francis of Assisi and St. Dominic Guzman

Two prominent founders of mendicant orders

Wounds of Christ

What is the stigmata?

Period of time when the Pope resided in Avignon, France instead of Rome

Avignon Papacy

A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351

Black Death

Jews were scapegoated; Many Christians believed they started the plague by poisoning wells

Blamed for plague

Holy Roman Emperor; Member of Habsburg House; Most powerful ruler in Europe

Charles V

Ferrara

Council of Basel

France

Country where Avignon was located

(1265

Dante

Rosary

Devotional prayer that the Blessed Mother gave to St. Dominic to fight heresy

Medici Family

Family that became very powerful due to merchant banking

Madonna

Famous painting by Rafael

Free cities

Florence, Venice, Genoa

Italian city states that were centers of trade after the fall of the Byzantine Empire

Free cities

Network of royal families

Habsburg Empire

Movement/ philosophy focusing on the capacity of the human person; influenced art and literature in the Renaissance

Humanism

Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families, between 1337 and 1453

Hundred Years War

Bohemian nationalist; rejected many sacraments; denied transubstantiation

Jan Hus

Young French peasant girl inspired by visions to gather an army to liberate Orleans in the Hundred Years War and help crown Charles VII king of France

Joan of Arc

Believed Church should practice poverty and give up political power; Later influenced Luther

John Wycliffe

six foot long bow that could rapidly fire arrows with enough force to pierce armor; Helped English eventually win the Hundred Years War

Long bow

Philosophy based on Machiavelli's The Prince; may be summarized as the ends justify the means

Machiavellianism

(1475

Michelangelo

the pope who moved his court from Rome to Avignon

Pope Clement V

Married King Ferdinand and helped unite Spain; Funded Columbus's voyage; Grandmother of Charles V

Queen Isabella

Literally, rebirth; A time of intellectual, artistic, and literary flourishing.

Renaissance

When Jesus takes a soul for his bride

spiritual espousal

Moved to Rome to care for the sick after the death of her husband; had a series of visions; correctly told the Pope that he would die within the year if he did not move the papacy back to Rome

St. Bridget of Sweden

Third order Dominican; experienced spiritual espousal; successfully convinced Pope Gregory XI to move the papacy back to Rome

St. Catherine of Siena

A work written by St. Thomas More imagining an ideal society

Utopia

1453

When did the Byzantine Empire fall?

1350

When was the Renaissance?

Ottoman Turks

Who defeated the Byzantine Empire?

Queen Isabella

Who did King Ferdinand marry?

da Vinci and Michelangelo

Who were Rafael's teachers?

English philosopher and theologian, opposed much of Aquinas and rejected the Pope's power in the secular realm, nominalist, wrote "Summa Logicae"; Influential in science and math; Said State should have power

William of Ockham

Last ruling Inca emperor of Peru. He was executed by the Spanish.

Atahualpa

Epistle of James

Book of the New Testament that Luther rejected

An Italian navigator who was funded by the Spanish Government to find a passage to the Far East. He is given credit for discovering the "New World," even though at his death he believed he had made it to India. He made four voyages to the "New World." The first sighting of land was on October 12, 1492, and three other journies until the time of his death in 1503.

Christopher Columbus

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

Columbian Exchange

Spanish for "conquerors", they were Spanish soldiers that explored the Americas and claimed land for Spain

Conquistodors

Enlightenment

Distrust in the Church's moral authority was one negative effect of the this time period

St. Ignatius of Loyola

Founder of the Jesuits

A system of teachings that claimed the kind of France had authority over the Catholic church in France and that limited the power of the Pope in France

Gallicanism

The Catholic who plotted to blow up the king and parliament in the failed "Gunpowder Plot" of 1605

Guy Fawkes

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485

Hernan Cortes

It is God's will for everyone to be saved; God gives everyone free will with which to cooperate with God's grace; and God gives each person sufficient grace for salvation

In 1653, Pope Innocent X condemned Jansenism, saying:

A heresy that was based on an extreme reading of St. Augustine

Jansenism

Most people are condemned to damnation

Jansenism taught that

Removed from office by English Parliament for violating the social contract by having a Catholic heir

King James II

The Sun King; God

King Louis XIV referred to himself as \_____ and thought no one had authority over him except \_____

It said that faith without works is dead.

Luther rejected the epistle of James because

Great missionary of China; tried to find common ground between Confucianism and Christianity; incorporated local Chines culture into Catholic practice

Mateo Ricci

Aztec language; Language in which Our Lady of Guadalupe communicated with St. Juan Diego

Nahuatl

appointing relatives to Church offices regardless of qualification

Nepotism

Lord Protector of England after King Charles I was beheaded; relentlessly persecuted Catholics

Oliver Cromwell

The most famous apparition of the Blessed Mother in Mexico

Our Lady of Guadalupe

The intercession of Mary in response to many Christians praying the rosary.

Pope Pius V attributed the successful outcome of the Battle of Lepanto in defending the Catholic Church to

Aztec nature god of wind, feathered serpent, his disappearance and promised return coincided with the arrival of Cortes

Quetzalcoatl

Rationalist philosopher and mathematician remembered for the (x,y) coordinate system and for the quote, "I think therefore I am (Cogito ergo sum)."

Rene Descartes

It was illegal to serve as a priest; Heavy fines were imposed for missing Church of England services

Restrictions that King James I place on Catholics in England:

Baptism, Eucharist

Sacraments that Martin Luther kept

Selling indulgences, simony, nepotism, poorly educated priests

Scandals in Catholic Church identified by Martin Luther

Selling Church offices

Simony

Faith alone; We are saved by faith only, not works

Sola Fide

Grace alone

Sola Gratia

Scripture alone; Rejected Church tradition as a source of divine revelation

Sola Scriptura

Christ alone

Solo Christo

Christians in India who are descended from converts of St. Thomas the Apostle

St. Thomas Christians

Henry VIII was head of the Church in England

The Act of Supremacy stated

King James I

The king who survived the failed attempt to blow up the kind and Parliament

Enlightenment

Time of challenging religious authority and emphasizing the individual

Trent

What council did Pope Paul III convene in response to the Protestant Reformation?

Founding the Presbyterian church in Scotland.

What is John Knox remembered for?

The Low Countries

What region revolted against the Spanish Empire and Philip II?

Catholic, like her mother Catherine of Aragon

What religion was Mary I of England?

A naval battle between the Christian League and the Turks

What was the Battle of Lepanto?