US history test over ch 17, 18, and end of ch 16

What was the Progressive Era?

The age in which people actually tried to solve industrial capitalist problems through individual and group action.

Progressives

most concerned with the social problems that resolved around industrial capitalist society

Muckraking

was a form of journalism in which reporters would publish exposés of industrial and political abuse

What was The Jungle and who wrote it?

A book written by Upton Sinclair that exposed the problems of corruption in the meat industry

How did workers organize and why?

They organized into unions to get corporations to reduce hours and raise their pay

Why did Henry Ford pay his workers so well?

Because if he paid them better, they would have enough money to buy his cars. he paid them $5 a day

What were some of the new "mass consumption society" devices available by 1915?

washing machines, vacuums machines, automobiles

What did industrialization create? and how

"labor problem" as mechanization diminished opportunities for skilled workers and the supervised routine of the factory floor destroyed autonomy (the right or condition of self-government.)

What was the 17 amendment?

allowed for senators to be elected directly by the people rather than by state legislatures

What did many states adopt because of 17 amendment?

states adopted primaries to nominate candidates

how dud progressives limit immigrants' participation in the political process?

literacy tests, voter registration

what were some examples of Jim Crow laws passed in the south?

poll tax, literacy test, segregation

what did the supreme court rule in the 1896 case of Plessy vs Ferguson?

ruled that segregation in public accommodations did not violate the Equal Protection clause.

Who was the youngest American president in 1901 after William McKinley was assassinated?

Theodore Roosevelt

What was Roosevelt's political program and what did it aim for?

The square deal and it aimed to distinguish good corporations, that provides useful products and services with prices, from evil corporations that existed just to make money

Conservation (Roosevelt)

wilderness areas would be preserved while others would be developed for the common good

Was Roosevelt a conservationist or a preservationist? Explain how

conservationist. He wanted to preserve the environment from economic exploitation. Millions of acres were set aside of new, highly managed National parks reflecting the progressive idea that experts could manage the world

What did the 16 amendment accomplish?

had to do with federal income tax/taxing your income

what did the 18 amendment accomplish?

prohibition of alcohol

How was the Bull Moose Party platform a vision for a modern welfare state? Who started this party?

women's suffrage, federal regulation

Roosevelt's followers started the party

what was Woodrow Wilson's program?

New Freedom's Program

What was Franklin Roosevelt's program?

The new deal

What was teddy Roosevelt's motto?

"Speak softly and carry a big stick"

What was the most famous intervention in Latin America

the building of the Panama Canal in Panama

Poll tax

an annual tax that had to be paid before qualifying to vote

grandfather clause

allowed people to vote if their father or grandfather had voted before Reconstruction

Segregation

separate

Jim Crow laws

laws that segregated blacks and whites

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Separate but equal is constitutional

prejudice

pre judging

discriminate and examples

acting on prejudice

voting restriction, poll tax, literacy test (showing you could read/write), GF clause

Brown vs Board of education 1954

"separate but equal is unconstitutional" and pushed that all schools integrate "with all deliberate speed"

racial etiquette

unspoken rules on how whites and blacks should act around each other

for ex. blacks should take their hats off in presence of a white person

Booker T Washington

believed that equality would happen once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society. BELIEVED it would gradually happen

W.E.B. DuBois

Opposed Booker T. Washington because he wanted immediate equality

NAACP and its goals

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

wanted full equality among the races

Debt Peonage

A system that bound laborers into slavery in order to work off a debt to the employer

Progressive Movement

aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life

prohibition

A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages

Muckrakers

Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life

scientific management

the application of scientific principles to increase efficiency in the workplace

Robert M. La Follette

Progressive republican leader who helped regulate big business

initiative

a bill originated by the people rather than lawmakers

Referendum

voters accepted or rejected the initiative

recall

enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face another election before the end of their term if enough voters asked for it

Seventieth Amendment

allows for the direct election of Senators

NACW

National Association of Colored Women. Founded by African American women by merging two earlier organizations

Susan B. Anthony

a leading proponent of woman suffrage

suffrage

the right to vote

NAWSA

National American Woman Suffrage Association

Upton Sinclair

muckraking journalist who wrote The Jungle. He wanted to expose the problems in the meat industry

The jungle

novel written by Upton Sinclair that highlighted numerous problems of the meatpacking industry and inspired the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act

Theodore Roosevelt beginning of modern presidency

He expanded presidency. He viewed presidency as having the power to do anything unless the constitution said he could not. He also used bully pulpit

Theodore Roosevelt background

born into a wealthy family, grew up with asthma, went to Harvard, and became president when he was Vice President and then president McKinley died, youngest president

Theodore Roosevelt using federal power

trustbusting, coal miners strike, railroad regulations

Trustbusting

did things to break up trusts/monopolies

Coal Strike of 1902

Strike by the United Coal Workers of America, threatening to shut down the winter coal supply. Theodore Roosevelt intervened federally, and resolved the dispute

Railroad Regulation

Roosevelt's top priority when he was elected.

* worked in terms to make sure they were regulated

Theodore Roosevelt helping health and environment

meat inspection act, pure food and drug act

Theodore Roosevelt conservation and natural resources

set aside millions of acres for national parks, animal sanctuaries, forests, etc.

Theodore Roosevelt's civil rights

did very little

Square Deal and what did he want to get done?

Theodore Roosevelt's promise of fair and equal treatment for all. The various progressive reforms sponsored by Roosevelt. He wanted to regulate business

Meat Inspection Act

dictated strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers and created the program of federal meat inspection

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

Halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling

William Howard Taft

He never wanted to be president. He was handpicked by Roosevelt as Roosevelt's secretary of war

Background of Taft?

Professor at Yale law school, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

How did Taft rule as president?

pursued a cautiously progressive agenda, seeking to consolidate rather than expand Roosevelt's reforms

What did Taft call the white-house

"The lonesomest place in the world"

Bull Moose Party

nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912. Formed by his followers

Woodrow Wilson

President in 1912 and came up with the platform New freedom

Wilson's New Freedom

His legislative program

Wilson and Civil Rights

He failed because he opposed anti-lynching act

16th Amendment

Allows the federal government to collect income tax

how did progressivism end?

progressivism ended with ww1

19th Amendment (1920)

Gave women the right to vote

18th Amendment

Prohibition of alcohol

Bully Pulpit

a way to influence the media and shape legislation

Imperialism

the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories

Alfred T. Mahan

urged government officials to build up American naval power in order to compete with other powerful nations

William Seward

Secretary of State who was responsible for purchasing Alaskan Territory from Russia. By purchasing Alaska, he expanded the territory of the country

Pearl Harbor

United States military base on Hawaii. Became a refueling station for American ships

Sanford B. Dole

Helped overthrow the queen of Hawaii and established himself as leader. Pushed for America to annex Hawaii

Jose Marti

Cuban poet and journalist in exile in New York, launched a revolution in 1895. He also organized a cuban resistance against Spain

Valeriano Weyler

Spain sent this general to Cuba to restore order. Weyler tried to crush the rebellion by herding central and western Cuba into barbed wire concentration camps

Yellow Journalism

sensational style of writing, which exaggerates the news to lure and enrage readers

Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst

two important yellow journalists. "you furnish the pictures, ill furnish the war"

USS Maine

U.S. Battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor in 1898; Spanish military was framed by Yellow Journalism; The incident was a catalyst for the Spanish American War

George Dewey

U.S. naval commander who led the American forces that steamed into Manila Bay and destroyed the Spanish Fleet

Rough Riders

a volunteer cavalry under the command of Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt

San Juan Hill

* Theodore Roosevelt was declared the hero of this, even though he and his units played a minor role in its capture
* Famous land battle that Rough Riders fought and won in Spanish-American War. In Santiago, Cuba

The treaty of Paris

(1898) treaty that ended the Spanish American war. Provided that Cuba be free from Spain.

Foraker Act

ended military rule and set up a civil government

Platt Amendment

Allowed the United States to intervene in Cuba

Protectorate

A country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Rebel leader of the Philippines believed that the US had promised independence. He vowed for to fight for freedom when he learned the terms of the treaty

John Hay

US secretary of state who issued the Open Door notes

Open Door Notes/Policy

the notes were letters addressed to the leaders of the imperialist nations proposing that the nations share their trading rights with the US, thus creating an open door

Boxer Rebellion and where did it take place?

1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops.