Unit VII Study Guide F25 - Industrialism

Flashcards covering key concepts from the Progressive Era and Gilded Age for exam preparation.

Which Progressive President was concerned with protecting the environment?

Teddy Roosevelt.

What did Progressives think needed to play a more active role in solving society's problems?

Government.

What organization was founded as a result of a meeting in 1905 that included WEB Du Bois?

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

What political party was T. Roosevelt the candidate for?

Bull Moose Party.

What happens in a Direct Primary?

Party members vote on candidates to run in the general election.

What did the Triangle Shirtwaist fire lead to?

Building safety codes.

Why did TR try to take the Republican nomination from Taft in 1912?

He was running as a candidate for the Bull Moose Party.

Who wrote 'The Jungle'?

Upton Sinclair.

What ended long cattle drives?

Open range fencing.

What is Standard Oil the most successful example of?

Horizontal consolidation.

What is US Steel the most successful example of?

Horizontal monopoly.

Who opposed labor unions in the late 1800s?

Industrials, business owners, and their allies.

Which immigrants faced discrimination primarily for being Catholics?

Italian / Polish immigrants.

From where did many Jewish immigrants to NYC's Lower East Side come?

Russia.

What were 'Muckrakers'?

Journalists who exposed corruption.

What is another name for the 'Australian Ballot'?

Secret ballot.

What brought the first wave of settlers to the West?

Mining.

What closed off the Open Range?

barbed wire. and spread of railroads.

What were the hardships of early settlers on the Great Plains?

Extreme weather

What promoted the settlement of the Great Plains?

Cattle, cheap land, and gold rush.

Where did the material for Dime Novels come from?

Cowboys' exaggerated tales of daring

By the early 1900s, what was the US known as?

The world's leading industrial nation.

Who invented the telephone?

Alexander Graham Bell.

Where was the first oil well drilled in the US?

Pennsylvania.

Which transcontinental railroad operated without government subsidies? - Not forced into Bankruptcy 

Great Northern Railroad.

What is a corporation?

Group ownership over a business.

What is horizontal integration?

Joining firms together from the same field.

What was the Blacklist?

A list of people not allowed to work at certain jobs.

Nativism started with Irish immigrants, but grew to include whom?

Southern and Eastern Europeans.

Where did many Chinese immigrants settle?

Western cities.

Where did most immigrants get processed on the East Coast?

Ellis Island.

What was Tammany Hall?

The Democratic political machine of NYC.

Who ran Tammany Hall?

Boss Tweed.

Why was this era called the 'Gilded Age'?

It had a surface of wealth hiding major social issues.

How did popular culture change in the late 1800s?

Industrialization improved living standards; people spent more on entertainment.

What was the Gospel of Wealth?

The belief that the wealthy should use their fortunes to help society.

What Americanized (assimilated) immigrant children?

Public schools.

What did the Pendleton Act do?

Marked the beginning of a professional civil service.

What was the Open Range?

A large area for cattle to graze.

Why did cattle ranchers like the Open Range?

Their cattle could freely eat grass., no costs

What is Individualism?

Self-reliance; independence.

What wasn’t one of the hardships of the early settlers in the Great plains. 

Lack of trees.

Causes and Effects of Indian Wars

The Indian Wars were primarily caused by westward expansion and the desire for land, leading to conflicts over territory and resources, which resulted in significant loss of life and displacement of Native American populations.

Who were the industrial leaders of the Gilded Age

The industrial leaders of the Gilded Age were influential businessmen who greatly expanded industries such as steel, oil, and railroads. Key figures include John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and J.P. Morgan. 

What did each Industrial leader of the gilded age dominate, Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Vanderbilt, J.P Morgan

Rockefeller dominated the oil industry, Carnegie was a leader in steel production, Vanderbilt was known for his influence in railroads, and J.P. Morgan was a key figure in finance and banking.