Digestive System Overview and Functions

These flashcards cover the key concepts and vocabulary related to the digestive system, including its structure, function, processes, and regulatory mechanisms.

Digestive System

The system responsible for converting food into energy and raw materials for the body.

Alimentary Canal

The hollow muscular tube that runs from the mouth to the anus, responsible for digestion and absorption.

Ingestion

The process of taking food into the body, starting in the mouth.

Peristalsis

Involuntary contractions of smooth muscles in the GI tract that move food along the digestive pathway.

Mechanical Breakdown

The physical process of breaking down food to increase surface area for enzyme action.

Chemical Digestion

The process where enzymes chemically break down food molecules into simpler forms for absorption.

Absorption

The transport of digested nutrients through the walls of the GI tract into the blood or lymph.

Defecation

The elimination of indigestible substances from the body in the form of feces.

Mucosa

The innermost layer of the GI tract that secretes mucus and absorbs nutrients.

Enteric Nervous System

The nerve supply specific to the GI tract that regulates digestive activities.

Gastrin

A hormone produced by G cells that stimulates the secretion of gastric acid.

Cephalic Phase

The initial phase of gastric fluid secretion triggered by external stimuli before food enters the stomach.