Metals and nonmetals

Metals

Elements that are typically hard, shiny, ductile, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity.

Non-metals

Elements that are generally dull, brittle, poor conductors of heat and electricity, and can exist in various states (solid, liquid, gas).

Metalloids

Elements that have properties of both metals and non-metals.

Corrosion

The gradual destruction of materials, usually metals, by chemical reaction with their environment.

Oxides

Compounds formed when oxygen reacts with another element, often found in the combined state of metals.

Lustre

A term used to describe the shiny appearance of metals.

Ductility

The property of metals that allows them to be stretched into wires.

Malleability

The ability of metals to be hammered or pressed into thin sheets without breaking.

Sonority

The property of certain metals to produce a ringing sound when struck.

Density

The mass per unit volume of a substance, often used to distinguish between various metals and non-metals.

Activity 1

An exercise to list commonly used metals and their applications.

Inert Gases

Elements that are generally non-reactive and are found in a gaseous state, including helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.

Rusting

A specific type of corrosion where iron reacts with oxygen and moisture, forming hydrated ferric oxide.

Aluminium Oxide

A protective layer that forms on the surface of aluminium when it reacts with oxygen.

Electroplating

A process in which a metal is coated with a layer of another metal to prevent corrosion and provide additional properties.

Uses of Metals

Metals are used in tools, machinery, construction, electronics, and jewelry due to their properties.

Uses of Non-metals

Non-metals are essential for survival, used in respiration, and as fertilizers and in pharmaceuticals.

Periodic Table

A tabular arrangement of chemical elements, organized by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element's identity.

Molecular Compound

A chemical compound composed of molecules formed by atoms of two or more elements.

Ionic Bond

A chemical bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Covalent Bond

A type of chemical bond where pairs of electrons are shared between atoms.

Acids

Substances that donate protons or hydrogen ions and typically have a sour taste.

Bases

Substances that accept protons or donate electron pairs, often having a bitter taste and slippery feel.

pH Scale

A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution, ranging from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic).

Reactants

Substances that undergo a chemical reaction, transforming into products.

Products

Substances that are formed as a result of a chemical reaction.