citizenship

qtr 3, periodicals

civitas

latin word that citizen is derived from, means a body/group of people who constitute a place or a community

polis

greek people who believed that being a citizen is becoming a member of the city-state, a society that was made up of people with one goal/identity

article iv of the 1987 constitution of the philippines

filipino citizenship is expressed in this article

section 1

following are citizens of the philippines

• citizens of the philippines at the time of the adoption of this constitution

• parents are citizens

• born before jan 17, 1973 of filipino mothers

• naturalized in accordance w/ law

section 2

• natural-born citizens are those who are philippine citizens from birth

• those who elect philippine citizenship in accordance w/ paragraph 3, section 1 hereof shall be deemed natural-born

section 3

philippine citizenship may be lost/reacquired in the manner provided by law

section 4

filipino women who marry aliens shall retain their citizenship unless by their act/omission, they are deemed, under the law, to have renounced it

section 5

dual allegiance of citizens is inimical to the national interest & shall be dealt w/ by law

jus sanguinis

right of blood principle

• followed by the philippines

• determined by the parents’ citizenship

jus soli

right of the soil principle

• usa

• basis of citizenship is the place of birth of person

naturalized citizens

accepted & adopted by the philippines & given the rights & privileges of a natural-born through a court decision or law passed by congress

commonwealth act no. 63

amended by republic acts 16, 2639, & 3834, spells reasons for losing citizenship

• by naturalization in a foreign country

• express renunciation of citizenship

• subscribing to an oath of allegiance to support the constitution/laws of a foreign country upon 21+

• accepting omission in them military/naval/air service of a foreign country

• cancellation of certificate of naturalization

• (women) upon marriage to a foreigner

• having been declared by a competent authority

legal & political aspects

refers to acquisition of one’s rights as mandated by law such as:

• right to vote

• to have education

• to live

duties in return for having rights:

• paying taxes

• obeying laws

• caring for the environment

citizenship is also attached to one’s nationality

• britain as british citizens

• japan as japanese citizens

participation in civic works

• we are free to participate in different civic works

• said that there is low-level participation in the country because many people deem it as a disturbance of their work/chance to earn

• people’s participation in china is limited, because they are given limited rights by the government

citizenship education

process of teaching the people how to be active/conscious/responsible citizens

formal teaching

• school

• universities

• colleges

informally

• home

• when others set an example

heywood

citizenship according to —

• connection between individual & state

• both are bound by rights/duties toward each other

• points out to a person’s identity because they are part of a state/country that has its own culture

• privileges that come w/ citizenship demand something in return, state expects loyalty

• citizens are expected to love/take pride of/own their culture/state they belong to

• citizens should do all they can for the welfare & glory of the state

t.h. marshall

citizenship according to —

civil rights

• liberty

• freedom of speech

• freedom of thought

• reedom of religion

• right to own property

• right to justice

political rights

• right to participate in the exercise of political power

• may participate as members of a body invested w/ political authority or as an elector of the members of such body

social rights

• dignity

• right to security

• right to social/economic welfare

standard/traditional view

• citizenship mandated by law

• citizenship is “belonging to a national identity”

• identity of an individual is dictated by their citizenship

• individual has a set of rights/duties that the state has to respect/protect

• voting — highest expression of citizenship because in this activity, citizens choose public servants whom they expect to manage things & solve problems affecting them

personally responsible citizen

active citizenship view

• act responsibly in their community

• always ready/willing to help the needy ones

participatory citizen

active citizenship view

• prefer to participate actively in civic works/social life of the community

• plant/think actively of civic/social projects that will benefit all members of their community

• makes every effort to make their plans for the community a reality

• believes participation also means citizens themselves should think of programs/projects

justice-oriented citizen

active citizenship view

• same belief as the participatory citizen but differ in the way they approach it

• critically analyzes/addresses issues & activities that are unjust to the members of the community

• critically analyzes social/political/economic institutions in order to find out the roots of the issues/challenges that community members face

1986 edsa people power revolution

• filipinos were content w/ marcos leaving the country, but their vigilance against corruption slowly subsided & they did not actively participate in forming important decisions & policies

• they left everything to the new government

• resulted in citizenry that is only a “receiver,” a person who is dependent & has no voice

disadvantages of dual citizenship

according to jean folger

• military service — what if the 2 countries in which an individual has citizenship go to war against each other

• double taxation — there are times when a dual citizen has to pay taxes in both countries

• public service — desires to serve the government in the military/run for a public post during an election may pose hinderance

advantages of dual citizenship

andrew taylor

• gives a person freedom to choose in which country they like to live in progress, freely, safely, & with dignity