human health & disease: chapter 1

what’s the life expectancy for a child born in 2016?

78.6

in 1900, over ___ percent of all deaths occurred among
children under the age of ___ ; ___ disease was the
leading cause of death

• 30%

• under 5

• infectious

_____ health choices contribute to global health or the
global burden of disease

personal; 150 billion each year obesity medical costs

The Medical Model views health status as focused on the
____ and their ___ or ____

• individual

• tissues or organs

The Public Health Model views health as a result of the
individual’s interactions with the ___ and ___
environment

• social and physical

what are the top 10 greatest public health achievements?

• vaccinations

• motor vehicle safety

• workplace safety

• control of infectious diseases

• reduction in CVD and stroke deaths

• safe and healthy foods

• maternal and infant care

• family planning

• fluoridated drinking water

• recognition of tobacco as a health hazard

what are the 6 dimensions of health?

• physical health

• social health

• intellectual

• emotional

• spiritual

• environmental

____ refers to an individual’s genetics, ethnicity, age,
and gender

• Biological determinants cannot be changed; they are
  _____ determinants.

• biology

• non-modifiable

___ refer to an individual’s response to internal and
external conditions

• behaviors are ___ determinants because they
  can be changed

• behaviors

• modifiable

what are the 4 leading causes of chronic disease in the US?

• tobacco use

• drinking

• physical inactivity

• unhealthy diet

What are the social factors in determinants of health?

• economic disadvantages

• built environment

• pollutant and infectious agents (travel and commerce can affect another region’s health)

give 3 economic disadvantages that affect all determinants of health:

• lack of access to quality education

• poor housing / area code

• inability to afford nourishing food and other essentials

what’s the built environment?

roads, parks, transportation system, etc.

___ and interventions can have powerful and positive
effects on the health of individuals and communities

policies; like banning texting and driving

what’s mindfulness?

• focus on the now

• sensory and environmental awareness without judgement or evaluation

• improves mental, physical, and emotional needs

The final health determinant for Healthy People
Initiatives were ____ to quality health care

access

in the health belief model, it says that a healthy behavior change is more likely if:

• The health problem is perceived to be serious

• The individual perceives that the health problem poses
  a threat

• Benefits of the action are perceived

• Barriers are perceived less important than benefits

• There are cues to action

social cognitive model emphasizes what 3 things?

• personal factors, behavior, one’s environment

what’s self efficacy?

a person’s confidence in their ability to perform a behavior

what’s reciprocal determinism?

a person’s behavior influences and
is influenced by personal and environmental factors

what’s the stages of the transtheoretical model?

1) precontemplation stage: no plan to change behavior

2) contemplation stage: contemplating changing behavior

3) preparation stage (making a plan to change behavior)

4) action stage: taking action to stage

5) maintenance stage: work toward making the change permanent

termination stage: new behavior has become permanent

what’s the SMART acronym?

specific

measurable

action-oriented

time-oriented