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Food security index
affordability, availability, quality and safety
Food security index advantage and disadvantage
A: multiple components
D : some countries may not have data or disparities in areas
Global hunger index
undernourishment, child stunting, child wasting and child mortality
Global hunger index advantages and disadvantages
A : many components
D : focus on children, lack of data and disparities
Calories per capita
A : data present
D : energy not nutrition limited scope
Malnutrition
undernutrition and over nutrition Malnut
Malnutrition adv and disadvantages
A : data present
D : doesn’t include causes
Nutrition transition
changes in food patterns more diseases of affluence
traditional dietary pattern
modern dietary pattern
health conscious dieatry pattern
Health adjusted life expectancy (HALE)
life expectancy minus poor health
HALE advantages and disadvantages
A: includes the health of the population not only how long a person lives
D : some data not available
Infant mortality rate
A: shows the level of development
D : only live births
Maternal mortality rate adv and dis
A: level of develpment
D : some may not be reported
Doctor to population ratio
A: gives info about healthcare
D : doesn’t show quality
Double burden of malnutrition
coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition
Increasing food production
GMO’s
more land
chemicals
technology
education
Increasing food consumption
unequal in HIC’s and LIC”S
LIC’s food insecurity and deficit
HIC’s food security and waste
Human factors for increasing food consumption
growing middle class
globalisation
population growth
lack of infrastructure and fertilizers
conflict - warfare destroy crops
trade: LIC’s export more as they need money so not enough for them
nutrition transition
Physical factors increasing food consumption
soil quality
flooding and drought - climate
water insecurity
climates change
pests and disease
Intensive farming
capital intesive
labour intensive
small land
technology
profit orineted
high output
Extensive farming
subsidies farming
bigger land
reliance on natural results
lower output
Energy effciency affected by
climate
topography
soil type
crop type
use of technology
Water footprint affected by
topography
climate
food produced
Examples of inputs
Human: labour, money, technology
Physical: land, soil, seeds and water
Examples of outputs
Positive: crops, milk, eggs, profit
Negative: waste, air and land pollution, soil erosion
Transfers/processes examples
weeding, ploughing, milking and decision making