food and health concepts

Food security index

affordability, availability, quality and safety

Food security index advantage and disadvantage

A: multiple components

D : some countries may not have data or disparities in areas

Global hunger index

undernourishment, child stunting, child wasting and child mortality

Global hunger index advantages and disadvantages

A : many components

D : focus on children, lack of data and disparities

Calories per capita

A : data present

D : energy not nutrition limited scope

Malnutrition

undernutrition and over nutrition Malnut

Malnutrition adv and disadvantages

A : data present

D : doesn’t include causes

Nutrition transition

changes in food patterns more diseases of affluence

traditional dietary pattern

modern dietary pattern

health conscious dieatry pattern

Health adjusted life expectancy (HALE)

life expectancy minus poor health

HALE advantages and disadvantages

A: includes the health of the population not only how long a person lives

D : some data not available

Infant mortality rate

A: shows the level of development

D : only live births

Maternal mortality rate adv and dis

A: level of develpment

D : some may not be reported

Doctor to population ratio

A: gives info about healthcare

D : doesn’t show quality

Double burden of malnutrition

coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition

Increasing food production

• GMO’s

• more land

• chemicals

• technology

• education

Increasing food consumption

• unequal in HIC’s and LIC”S

• LIC’s food insecurity and deficit

• HIC’s food security and waste

Human factors for increasing food consumption

• growing middle class

• globalisation

• population growth

• lack of infrastructure and fertilizers

• conflict - warfare destroy crops

• trade: LIC’s export more as they need money so not enough for them

• nutrition transition

Physical factors increasing food consumption

• soil quality

• flooding and drought - climate

• water insecurity

• climates change

• pests and disease

Intensive farming

• capital intesive

• labour intensive

• small land

• technology

• profit orineted

• high output

Extensive farming

• subsidies farming

• bigger land

• reliance on natural results

• lower output

Energy effciency affected by

climate

topography

soil type

crop type

use of technology

Water footprint affected by

topography

climate

food produced

Examples of inputs

Human: labour, money, technology

Physical: land, soil, seeds and water

Examples of outputs

Positive: crops, milk, eggs, profit

Negative: waste, air and land pollution, soil erosion

Transfers/processes examples

weeding, ploughing, milking and decision making