bio ch 2

increases

increases

as CO2 increases, temperature __________

greenhouse effect

CO2 in the atmosphere is necessary because it helps create the g____________ e_______ which makes earth habitable

okay

look at your question of the day from week 11 monday (draw an atom that's not an isotope) because it is a quiz question!

cafe naps

what acronym can you use to remember the trace elements?

sulfur

which trace element is part of SOME amino acids (which make up proteins) and allows bonds to form within the amino acids, which influence the protein's shape

sodium

which trace element is found in SOME amino acids AND is necessary for nerve impulses

iron

which trace element is the oxygen binding component of blood?

calcium

which trace element is a component of bones and teeth, as well as is important for synaptic transmission?

phosphorus

which trace element is a component of ATP, DNA, RNA, and the plasma membrane

matter

anything that takes up space and has mass

element

a substance that CANNOT be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

synaptic transmission

calcium also helps with _________ __________, which gets the 'message' from one neuron to the next

compound

what is a substance consisting of two or more DIFFERENT elements combined into a fixed ratio

molecule

O2 (imagine the 2 is small and on the bottom) is an example of this, multiple of the same element

CHON

what acronym can you use to remember essential elements?

carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen

name the essential elements in order of CHON

essential

__________ elements are elements that are essential to life and found in the basic structure of all biochemical molecules

trace

______ elements are elements required by an organism in only minute (small) qualities

96

CHON makes up __% of living matter

atom

the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

proton

positively charged

neutron

neutral charge

electron

negative charge

atomic

________ number is the number of protons in an element

mass

______ number is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucelus of an atom

neither

which has more electrons... carbon 12 or carbon 14

isotopes

different atomic forms of a given element - the different amount of neutrons affect the element's mass, therefore creating this

8

the second energy level can hold _ electrons

2

the first energy level can hold _ electrons

electrons

high energy sub atomic particles are...

right

the intert elements are on the _____ of the periodic table

shell

valence ______ is the outermost electron shell

electrons

valence _______ are the outer electrons in the valence shell

valency

the measure of a given element's bonding capacity with other atoms when it forms compounds/molecules (there are many ways to say this, the answer is the one ending in y for this)

periods

in the periodic table, the rows are called ______

groups

in the periodic table, the columns are called _______

inert

what's another word for nonreactive? fargo will not tell you what it means on the tests/quizzes!

chemical bonds

________ ______: these are formed when valence electrons from different atoms interact with each other forming molecules

electronegativity

the attraction of a particular kind of atom for the electrons of a covalent bond

electronegativity

more electrons = more ______________

covalent ionic strong

c______ and i______ bonds are examples of s______ chemical bonds

covalent

_______ bond: a bond consisting of pairs of shared electrons, polar or nonpolar. this is elements from the same side of the table (i think?)

polar

______ covalent bond is a covalent bond in which the electrons are NOT shared equally

polar

H2O is an example of a ______ covalent bond

nonpolar

O2 is an example of a __________ covalent bond

double

__________ covalent bond is a bond in which 2 pairs (OR 4 electrons) are shared

nonpolar

_________ covalent bond: a covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally

anion

ion with a negative charge

cation

ion with a positive charge

okay

remember cations because cats have paws and are pawsitive!

okay

remember anion because it sounds like onion and that makes you cry which is bad so it's negative

ionic

_______ bond: the attraction between cations and anions

92

there are how many elements in nature (according to the textbook)

electrons

the number of protons and _________ are NOT equal in IONS

neutrons

the number of protons and ________ are NOT equal in ISOTOPES